Origin of the Columbia River basalts: melting model of a heterogeneous plume head

Takahahshi, Eiichi; Nakajima, Katsuji; Wright, Thomas L.

doi:10.1016/s0012-821x(98)00157-5

Cited by 182 publications

(122 citation statements)

References 39 publications

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“…10), much deeper than the melting depth (\60 km) commonly thought for tholeiitic basalts of peridotite source (Fan and Hooper 1991;DePaolo and Daley 2000;Xu 2001). This is consistent with the experimental results which show the lower solidus of pyroxenite than that of peridotite (e.g., Yasuda et al 1994;Takahashi et al 1998). If our results are correct in first order, the lithospheric evolution underneath the NCC during Cenozoic should be re-evaluated.…”

Section: Implications For the Lithospheric Evolution In Eastern Nccsupporting

confidence: 88%

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Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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The geochemical characteristics of melt inclusions and their host olivines provide important information on the processes that create magmas and the nature of their mantle and crustal source regions. We report chemical compositions of melt inclusions, their host olivines and bulk rocks of Xindian basalts in Chifeng area, North China Craton. Compositions of both bulk rocks and melt inclusions are tholeiitic. Based on petrographic observations and compositional variation of melt inclusions, the crystallizing sequence of Xindian basalts is as follows: olivine (at MgO [ *5.5 wt%), plagioclase (beginning at MgO = *5.5 wt%), clinopyroxene and ilmenite (at MgO \ 5.0 wt%). High Ni contents and Fe/Mn ratios, and low Ca and Mn contents in olivine phenocrysts, combining with low CaO contents of relatively high MgO melt inclusions (MgO [ 6 wt%), indicate that Xindian basalts are possibly derived from a pyroxenite source rather than a peridotite source. In the CS-MS-A diagram, all the high MgO melt inclusions (MgO [ 6.0 wt%) project in the field between garnet ? clinopyroxene ? liquid and garnet ? clinopyroxene ? orthopyroxene ? liquid near 3.0 GPa, further suggesting that residual minerals are mainly garnet and clinopyroxene, with possible presence of orthopyroxene, but without olivine. Modeling calculations using MELTS show that the water content of Xindian basalts is 0.3-0.7 wt% at MgO = 8.13 wt%. Using 20-25 % of partial melting estimated by moderately incompatible element ratios, the water content in the source of Xindian basalts is inferred to be C450 ppm, much higher than 6-85 ppm in dry lithospheric mantle. The melting depth is inferred to be *3.0 GPa, much deeper than that of tholeiitic lavas (\2.0 GPa), assuming a peridotite source with a normal mantle potential temperature. Such melting depth is virtually equal to the thickness of lithosphere beneath Chifeng area (*100 km), suggesting that Xindian basalts are derived from the asthenospheric mantle, if the lithospheric lid effect model is assumed.

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Section: Implications For the Lithospheric Evolution In Eastern Nccsupporting

confidence: 88%

“…Compared with peridotite, pyroxenite has lower solidus and shorter melting interval, corresponding to greater melting depth and higher melt productivity (e.g., Yasuda et al 1994;Takahashi et al 1998). This suggests that the alkali-to-tholeiitic transition could occur deeper than previously thought.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 93%

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Zhang

Qian

et al. 2012

Contrib Mineral Petrol

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“…As for Iceland, a Fe-rich mantle source has been proposed for the Columbia River CFB of western U.S.A. (Wright et al, 1988;Takahashi et al, 1998) and argued to represent ancient oceanic crust subducted and recycled via a deep mantle plume (Takahashi et al, 1998). It is pertinent that this CFB, the only post-Precambrian CFB in North America, is situated on a tectonic boundary adjacent to the only craton in North America, the Wyoming Craton (Anderson et al, 1992).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Although eclogite-rich plumes have been proposed (e.g., Cordery et al, 1997;Takahashi et al, 1998), an important problem is that adding large amounts of eclogite to a peridotitic plume creates negative buoyancy in the Fig. 10.…”

Section: A Physical Model For Melting the Eclogitementioning

confidence: 99%

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

Sheth¹

2005

Gondwana Research

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Deep mantle plumes supposedly incorporate deeply subducted eclogitized oceanic crust, and continental flood basalts (CFBs) are now thought by some to be derived from such eclogite-bearing peridotite plumes. Eclogite-peridotite mixtures have much lower solidi (and produce much greater melt fractions for a given temperature) than peridotite. Ferich (eclogite-or pyroxenite-bearing) sources have been inferred for many CFBs. However, plumes with considerable amounts of eclogite should have difficulty in upwelling owing to the high density of eclogite. Besides, CFBs are always located along pre-existing lithospheric structures (suture zones, edges of thick cratons) and commonly associated with lithospheric rifting and continental breakup. India's major late Mesozoic CFB, the Deccan Traps, erupted through rift zones and a new continental margin that had developed along ancient suture zones traversing the subcontinent. Many Deccan basalts are too Fe-rich to have been in equilibrium with a peridotite mantle source, and have commonly been considered to be significantly fractionated derivatives of picritic liquids. However, it is possible to view them as relatively less evolved liquids derived from a source with extra fertility (i.e., an Fe-rich source). A new non-plume, plate tectonic model for Icelandic hotspot volcanism involves melting of a shallowly recycled slab of eclogitized Iapetus oceanic crust formerly trapped along the Caledonian suture. The model explains the geochemical-petrological characteristics of Icelandic basalts, and is consistent with passive upper mantle upwelling under Iceland inferred from recent seismic tomography. Based on the petrological and geochemical features of the Deccan flood basalts of the type section, in the Western Ghats, I propose that old, eclogitized oceanic crust trapped in the ancient Indian suture zones could have produced voluminous basaltic melts during the Deccan event.

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“…8c). The high Fe contents can be obtained from: (1) up-welling mantle plume (Gibson et al, 2000); (2) garnet-bearing lherzolite (Takahahshi et al, 1998); (3) mantle-wedge metasomatized by slab-derived fluids/melts (Leybourne et al, 1999); (4) garnet-free refractory mantle (Hanski and Smolkin, 1995). Although mafic dyke swarms dated at ∼2.2 Ga were found globally in recent years and perhaps were related with mantle plumes (French and Heaman, 2010), the genesis of the Zhaiwa mafic dykes was unlikely to be associated with mantle plumes, because: (1) the Zhaiwa mafic dykes are only sparsely distributed, inconsistent with the widespread mafic rocks associated with mantle plumes; (2) plume-related basalts are generally enriched in Nb, Ta and have high Ce/Pb ratios (Callegaro et al, 2013), which is inconsistent with the Zhaiwa mafic dykes; (3) the calculated mantle potential temperatures (Tp) via the formula Tp = 1463 + 12.74MgO-2924/MgO (MgO in wt%) range 722-1135 • C (Herzberg et al, 2007;Herzberg and Asimow, 2008;Herzberg and Gazel, 2009), which is clearly lower that that related to mantle plume (i.e., 1560-1620 • C for the Galapagos mantle plume; Herzberg and Asimow, 2008).…”

Section: Tectonic Setting and Geodynamic Implications On The Trans-nomentioning

confidence: 99%

2.24 Ga mafic dykes from Taihua Complex, southern Trans-North China Orogen, and their tectonic implications

Han

Chen

Yao

et al. 2015

Precambrian Research

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Origin of the Columbia River basalts: melting model of a heterogeneous plume head

Cited by 182 publications

References 39 publications

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Constraints from melt inclusions and their host olivines on the petrogenesis of Oligocene-Early Miocene Xindian basalts, Chifeng area, North China Craton

Were the Deccan Flood Basalts Derived in Part from Ancient Oceanic Crust Within the Indian Continental Lithosphere?

2.24 Ga mafic dykes from Taihua Complex, southern Trans-North China Orogen, and their tectonic implications

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