Origin of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Amniotic Fluid

Garver, Kenneth L.; Marchese, Sandra; Wineman, Ann E.; Garver, James J.

doi:10.1159/000459222

Cited by 2 publications

(1 citation statement)

References 5 publications

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“…386 To increase pressure on Washington to reaffirm its commitment to its One China policy and deter future cooperation with Taipei, Beijing also recalled its ambassador to the United States and delayed approval of his incoming U.S. counterpart. 387 A barrage of Chinese propaganda targeting Lee individually and the general notion of Taiwanese independence accompanied these diplomatic protests. 388 In contrast to confrontations with the United States in the years prior, such as the 1992 F-16 arms sale, political and military leaders (including President Jiang Zemin, Premier Li Peng, Foreign Minister Qian Qichen, and Vice Chairman of the Chinese Military Commission Admiral Liu Huaqing) agreed that a tougher response was needed.…”

Section: Third Taiwan Strait Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Escalation: Lessons and Challenges from Three Historical Crises Between Nuclear-Armed Powers

2024

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The return of great-power competition and the war in Ukraine have highlighted the stark risks of conflict with nuclear-armed great powers, such as Russia and China. Such a conflict would entail escalation risks that the United States has not seriously considered since the Cold War. A key question for the U.S. Department of Defense is how to prevail in such a war while limiting the scope of escalation in order to inform force development and prepare future leaders for high-stakes deliberations on the risks and trade-offs involved in fighting another major-power war, should this war come to pass. This is the second in a series of two reports. The main report, which is not available to the general public, summarizes the overall project and presents its analysis, conclusions, and recommendations. In this supplemental report, we present three historical case studies of nucleararmed countries' attempts to manage escalation during intense crises and conflict. This report is intended for defense strategists and force planners interested in preparing for future conflict with a nuclear-armed adversary. Data collection and analysis began in October 2021 and continued through September 2022.

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Section: Third Taiwan Strait Crisismentioning

confidence: 99%

Managing Escalation: Lessons and Challenges from Three Historical Crises Between Nuclear-Armed Powers

2024

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Activities in the placenta and fetal membranes of enzymes involved in energy metabolism

et al. 1985

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The placenta and the fetal membranes differ in their energy dependent functions and in their blood supply. In a search for quantitative differences in the expression of enzymes involved in energy metabolism in these tissues we measured in the placenta and in amnion and chorion the activities of enzymes involved in carbohydrate metabolism (hexokinase, phosphofructokinase, lactate dehydrogenase, glycogen phosphorylase), a tricarboxylic acid cycle enzyme (succinate dehydrogenase) and an enzyme involved in fatty acid oxidation (hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase). The activities of succinate dehydrogenase and hydroxyacyl-CoA-dehydrogenase in the placenta were higher than those in the membranes, whereas the activities of the other enzymes assayed were lower. Lactate dehydrogenase activity was higher in the amnion than in the chorion (p less than 0.01). These results could indicate that the fetal membranes depend mainly on glycolysis for an energy supply.

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Origin of Lactate Dehydrogenase in Amniotic Fluid

Cited by 2 publications

References 5 publications

Managing Escalation: Lessons and Challenges from Three Historical Crises Between Nuclear-Armed Powers

Managing Escalation: Lessons and Challenges from Three Historical Crises Between Nuclear-Armed Powers

Activities in the placenta and fetal membranes of enzymes involved in energy metabolism

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