Origin of Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Human Ovarian Follicular Fluid1

Pahuja, Sham L.; Kim, Alexis H.; Lee, Grace; Hochberg, Richard B.

doi:10.1095/biolreprod52.3.625

Cited by 15 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 20 publications

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“…Analysis of extruded eggs has not yet been possible because of our inability to obtain ovulating female toads during the most recent annual toad breeding season that followed the identification of the esterified compounds. Fatty acid esters of steroid hormones, such as estradiol, androsterone, pregnenolone, and corticosterone have been detected in numerous mammalian tissues and body fluids, [20][21][22] including ovarian follicular fluid, 21,23 but the function of these fatty acid esters, like the function of bufadienolide fatty acid esters, remains unknown. 22 It is not known whether the ovarian bufadienolide fatty acid esters are synthesized in the ovary or elsewhere in the toad.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Endogenous Digitalis-like Factors in the Ovary of the Giant Toad, Bufo marinus

et al. 1998

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We have previously described the structures of four novel unconjugated bufadienolides in the ovary of the toad, Bufo marinus. In this study, we report the separation and characterization of three novel bufadienolide conjugates. These compounds were purified by HPLC, and their structures were determined to be 11alpha, 19-dihydroxytelocinobufagin-3-(12-hydroxydodecanoic acid) ester, 11alpha,19-dihydroxytelocinobufagin-3-(14-hydroxy-7-tetra decenoic acid) ester, and 11alpha, 19-dihydroxytelocinobufagin-3-(14-hydroxytetradecanoic acid) ester on the basis of NMR and MS data. Numerous dicarboxylic acid esters of bufadienolides have previously been described, but the three bufadienolide conjugates described in this report differ from previously described esters in that they contain hydroxylated monocarboxylic acids. The function of these three conjugates is not known but they are, like bufotoxins, potent inhibitors of Na+, K+-ATPase and may play a developmental role in the differentiation of toad oocytes.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Endogenous Digitalis-like Factors in the Ovary of the Giant Toad, Bufo marinus

et al. 1998

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“…1996), which is responsible for cholesterol reverse transport (Johnson et al. 1991) and the synthesis of the most potent steroidal oestrogens in the follicular fluid (Pahuja et al. 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Zia-ur-Rahman

Bukhari

Ahmad

et al. 2008

Reprod Domestic Animals

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In the present study, ovarian follicular fluid and serum biochemical, hormonal, electrolytes and amino acids profiles in female dromedary camel (Camelus dromedarius), were investigated. Fluid from small (2-6 mm) and large follicles (7-20 mm) and blood samples were collected from 25 clinically healthy adult female camels. The concentrations of glucose, cholesterol, triglycerides, high-density lipoproteins, urea, total proteins, albumin, globulin, fibrinogen, alanine aminotransferase, aspartate aminotransferase and tri-iodothyronine were lower (p < or = 0.05) in large follicles when compared with the small follicles. However, the concentrations of low-density lipoproteins, uric acid, creatinine, alkaline phosphatase and acid phosphatase in small and large follicles did not differ. The concentrations of oestradiol 17-beta and progesterone were higher (p < or = 0.05) in large follicles. The serum concentrations of these hormones were many folds lower (p < or = 0.05) than those of follicular fluid. Among electrolytes, the concentration of phosphorus was higher (p < or = 0.05) in the large follicles, while that of potassium and chloride were lower (p < or = 0.05) in the small follicles. Serum concentrations of sodium, chloride, calcium and phosphorous were higher (p < or = 0.05), while that of potassium lower (p < or = 0.05) than corresponding concentrations in the follicular fluid. The concentrations of leucine and arginine were higher (p < or = 0.05) in follicular fluid when compared with serum concentrations, while the reverse was true for other amino acids. In conclusion, this study is indicative of either low or high concentrations of certain biochemical metabolites, hormones, electrolytes and amino acids in small and large follicles for the individual roles that they play in the growth and development of follicles in the one-humped she-camel.

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“…Thus HDLs might support steroidogenesis during follicular growth and prevent cholesterol accumulation in preovulatory follicles. The HDL protein ApoA1 can be involved in both processes as it is capable both of binding the receptor exposed on steroidogenic cells for HDL cholesteryl ester uptake (Acton et al, 1996) and of activating the LCAT enzyme (Norum et al, 1983), which is responsible for cholesterol reverse transport (Johnson et al, 1991;Norum et al, 1983) and the synthesis of the most potent steroidal oestrogens in the follicular fluid (Pahuja et al, 1995).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Haptoglobin transport into human ovarian follicles and its binding to apolipoprotein A-1

Porta

Cassano

Balestrieri

et al. 1999

Zygote

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Controlled ovarian stimulation was induced in 19 women for in vitro fertilisation/embryo transfer. After ovum pick-up, haptoglobin titres were determined by ELISA in sera and homologous follicular fluids. The haptoglobin phenotype of each subject was assessed and the penetration of the protein forms through the blood-follicle barrier was predicted on the basis of their molecular weight. The penetration threshold compatible with the barrier integrity was calculated as 92%, 73% and 57% of the blood level of phenotypes Hpt 1-1, Hpt 1-2 and Hpt 2-2 respectively. Penetration values comparable/lower or higher than threshold were found associated with 46 of 49 and 3 of 49 fertilised oocytes, respectively. Complexes of haptoglobin with apolipoprotein A-1 were isolated from follicular fluids by affinity chromatography with haemoglobin. The haptoglobin β chain, after Western blotting and incubation with apolipoprotein A-1, was found to be involved in the protein–protein interaction as detected by anti-apolipoprotein A-1 antibodies. Complexes from separate fluids were analysed by electrophoresis and densitometry: the plain β chain/apolipoprotein A-1 stoichiometric ratio was 0.75 and 1.40 in fluids associated with fertilised and unfertilised oocytes respectively. The results suggest that haptoglobin transport in the follicle depends on the integrity of the blood–follicle barrier and might be associated with oocyte quality, possibly by interfering with the role of apoliprotein A-1 in cholesterol or vitamin E exchange between high-density lipoproteins and granulosa cells.

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Origin of Estradiol Fatty Acid Esters in Human Ovarian Follicular Fluid1

Cited by 15 publications

References 20 publications

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Endogenous Digitalis-like Factors in the Ovary of the Giant Toad, Bufo marinus

Isolation and Characterization of Novel Endogenous Digitalis-like Factors in the Ovary of the Giant Toad, Bufo marinus

Dynamics of Follicular Fluid in One‐humped Camel (Camelus dromedarius)

Haptoglobin transport into human ovarian follicles and its binding to apolipoprotein A-1

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