Origin geographical classification of green coffee beans (Coffea arabica L.) produced in different regions of the Minas Gerais state by FT-MIR and chemometric

Targeted and Non-Targeted HPLC Analysis of Coffee-Based Products as Effective Tools for Evaluating the Coffee Authenticity

“…Therefore, many researchers have successfully studied the distinction between Arabica and Robusta in coffee blends [ 1 , 5 , 10 , 12 , 62 , 65 , 72 , 73 , 76 , 77 , 79 , 80 , 90 , 96 , 97 , 98 , 99 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 ]. As coffee quality is linked to specific growing areas, incorrect geographical indications are also considered illegal and have been verified by several teams of scientists [ 10 , 63 , 65 , 66 , 70 , 75 , 91 , 92 , 94 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. The last common way of coffee adulteration is the blending of roasted coffee with undeclared materials.…”

“…[ 10 ], presence of specific adulterants ( Figure 2 ), degree of dilution, and unauthorized use of geographic origin of coffee beans [ 112 , 115 , 116 ]) to find whether the product label claims are based on the truth. For these reasons, various spectroscopic [ 12 , 63 , 64 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 , 75 , 80 , 81 , 82 , 106 , 107 , 108 , 113 , 117 , 118 , 119 , 120 ], electrophoretic [ 87 , 109 ], electrochemical [ 110 , 114 ], and biological [ 102 , 109 , 111 , 121 ] techniques have already been developed, but chromatographic techniques, especially high performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), have become the most dominant [ 1 , 47 , 61 , 72 , 73 , 85 , 86 , 88 , 90 , 94 , 122 , 123 , 124 ] for their more versatile use, reliability, reproducibility of results, possibility of automatization, identification of a large number of qualitative biomarkers in complex matrices, and low sample consumption [ 13 , …”

“…However, their precise representation and quantity depend on many variables, such as the genotype of the coffee tree and its growing conditions (defined by the soil, climate, altitude, and other factors), post-harvest processing methods, the degree of the green coffee beans roasting, storage and distribution conditions, as well as coffee brewing methods [ 13 , 20 , 21 , 24 , 44 , 47 , 60 , 61 , 62 ]. Many studies have already been published in which elements [ 63 , 64 , 65 , 66 , 67 , 68 , 69 , 70 , 71 ], triglycerides [ 72 ], tocopherols [ 62 , 72 , 73 , 74 ], trigonellines [ 18 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 79 ], diterpenes [ 80 , 81 , 82 ], carbohydrates [ 76 , 83 , 84 , 85 , 86 , 87 ], polyphenols [ 36 , 37 , 39 , 65 , 75 , 76 , 77 , 78 , 88 , 89 , 90 , …”

Coffee Origin Determination Based on Analytical and Nondestructive Approaches –A Systematic Literature Review

“…The studies listed in Table 5 used NIR for numerous purposes, e.g., differentiation of modern and traditional coffee cultivars from Brazil [5], regional classification of Brazilian coffee samples [115], origin determination of coffee from Cuba, Ethiopia, Indonesia (Bali, Java, and Sumatra), Tanzania, and Yemen [8] comparison between South American and Asian coffee [68], and to detect impurities (Corn, Rice, Barley, Soybeans, Coffee husks) in Arabica roasted coffee samples as well as to separate South and Central American coffee samples [69]. All the above studies used >100 total samples.…”

“…In response to consumer demands for authenticity of coffee origin, various strategies encompassing a broad range of technology and scientific techniques have been applied to assure this point. In the past decade, studies pertaining to coffee origin authentication, determination and classification were done utilizing near-infrared (NIR) [5,6,7], Fourier Transform Mid-infrared (FT-MIR) [8], Terahertz Spectroscopy [9], e-nose or e-tongue sensors [10], [11], and UV-visible spectroscopy [12]. Moreover, several studies with similar purposes were conducted by gas [14,15] or liquid chromatography [16,17,18] coupled to mass spectrometry, nuclear magnetic resonance (NMR) [19], [20], and polymerase chain reaction (PCR) [21,22,23].…”