Targeted and Non-Targeted HPLC Analysis of Coffee-Based Products as Effective Tools for Evaluating the Coffee Authenticity

Abstract

Coffee is a very popular beverage worldwide. However, its composition and characteristics are affected by a number of factors, such as geographical and botanical origin, harvesting and roasting conditions, and brewing method used. As coffee consumption rises, the demands on its high quality and authenticity naturally grows as well. Unfortunately, at the same time, various tricks of coffee adulteration occur more frequently, with the intention of quick economic profit. Many analytical methods have already been developed to verify the coffee authenticity, in which the high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC) plays a crucial role, especially thanks to its high selectivity and sensitivity. Thus, this review summarizes the results of targeted and non-targeted HPLC analysis of coffee-based products over the last 10 years as an effective tool for determining coffee composition, which can help to reveal potential forgeries and non-compliance with good manufacturing practice, and subsequently protects consumers from buying overpriced low-quality product. The advantages and drawbacks of the targeted analysis are specified and contrasted with those of the non-targeted HPLC fingerprints, which simply consider the chemical profile of the sample, regardless of the determination of individual compounds present.

Metabolomics: A suitable foodomics approach to the geographical origin traceability of Ethiopian Arabica specialty coffees

“…Mixing beans with different economic values is a standard method of coffee adulteration. As a result, the undeclared, and thus illegal, addition of cheaper robusta to arabica is regarded as a fraud (Klikarová & Česlová, 2022; Núñez et al, 2021). High‐quality single‐origin coffee producers may use misleading labels, false declarations, and fraudulent practices to increase their economic profit.…”

“…Due to the fact that coffee quality is linked to specific growing areas, incorrect geographical indications are also illegal. In response to modern consumer demands for coffee origin authenticity, various strategies encompassing a wide range of technology and scientific techniques have been implemented to ensure (Aurum et al, 2022; Klikarová & Česlová, 2022).…”

Portable fluorescence spectroscopy for single-origin coffee authentication with 365 nm wavelength as excitation source

“…Several approaches have been utilized to perform the classification of several specialty coffees based on different geographical origins using high-performance liquid chromatography (HPLC), near-infrared (NIR), Raman, Terahertz, fluorescence, and UV-visible spectroscopy methods [6][7][8][9][10][11][12]. Most of these methods utilize benchtop-type instrumentation.…”

The utilization of a data fusion approach to investigate fingerprint profiles of dark tea from China's different altitudes

“…The detection of a single limited substance is insufficient to reflect all chemical components in complex samples, thus limiting the comprehensive exploration and examination of the chemical attributions of samples from distinct sources ( Pinu, 2018 ). In recent years, scholars have increasingly implemented non-targeted HPLC algorithms to authenticate the food quality of coffee ( Klikarova & Ceslova, 2022 ), chili pepper ( Sun et al, 2023 ), honey ( García-Seval, Martínez-Alfaro, Saurina, Núñez, & Sentellas, 2022 ), and other food products, presenting the potential of the algorithm to collect as much sample as possible. Additionally, as data analysis algorithms improve, it is possible to efficiently integrate non-targeted data from several sensors through the utilization of rational data fusion algorithms to attain more comprehensive and rich data ( Deng, Chen, Fu, & Yun, 2023 ).…”