Origin and evolution of halite based on stable isotopes (δ37Cl, δ81Br, δ11B and δ7Li) and trace elements in Tuz Gölü Basin, Turkey

Ercan, Hatice Ünal; Karakaya, Muazzez Çelik; Bozdağ, Ayla; Karakaya, Necati; Delikan, Arif

doi:10.1016/j.apgeochem.2019.04.008

Cited by 19 publications

(9 citation statements)

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“…Primary structures in halite, e.g. chevron and hopper structures, are generally interpreted as reflecting shallow lake brines (Salvany et al, 2007) deposited under stable environmental conditions (Warren 2006;Ercan et al, 2019). Although previous studies concluded that the KB brines were warm, shallow and developed within a passive continental margin (e.g.…”

Section: Halite Mineralogical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Pivnik and Wells, 1996;Pivnik and Wells, 1996), finding corresponding primary structures was not possible due to the recycling of the ancient halite. On the other hand, the recrystallization and dissolution processes during flooding (Shearman, 1970) and the alteration of the mineral morphologies by burial effects or by active capillary activities around older mineralization develop common secondary features (Ercan et al, 2019). Thus, this indicates that the KB halite either developed or evolved under variable conditions.…”

Section: Halite Mineralogical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…For example, the Miocene halite of the Mediterranean region yields Br − concentrations up to 40 ppm (Bloch, 1953) but also as low as ∼5 ppm (e.g. Ercan et al, 2019). Brennan et al (2013) reported Br − concentrations of 11 ppm for halites from the Catalan sub-basin, whereas Moretto (1986) reported Br − concentrations of 10 ppm for the Bresse Basin.…”

Section: Halite Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…WRI; water-rock interaction). We also compared our values with those of two other salt basins (Figure 5): the Salt Range (Pakistan; Hussain et al, 2020a) and the Tuz Golu (Turkey; Ercan et al, 2019) basins. While the KB showed a trend similar (but with lower Br concentrations) to the Tuz Golu basin, the nearest Salt Range yielded significantly lower and homogenous Cl/Br ratios that may be explained by active tectonic and multiple halite dissolutions.…”

Section: Halite Geochemistrymentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Eggenkamp et al, 2019a;Hussain et al, 2021), the origin of saline waters (e.g. Alcala and Custodio, 2004;Alcala and Custodio, 2008;Katz et al, 2011) as well as dissolved mineral components in deep fluids (Heinrich et al, 1993;Sonney et al, 2010) and paleoenvironment of evaporites (Ercan et al, 2019). On the other hand, the use of Cl stable isotope compositions (noted δ 37 Cl) has proved to be a reliable tracer for ancient evaporites (Eggenkamp et al, 2018;Eggenkamp et al, 2019a;Eggenkamp et al, 2019b), to identify the origin of modern brines (Eggenkamp, 2014;Luo et al, 2014), and to characterize the geochemical development of connate waters in sedimentary basins (Tomascak et al, 2016;Hanlon et al, 2017).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Origin and Evolution of Eocene Rock Salts in Pakistan and Implications for Paleoclimate Studies: Insights From Chemistry and Cl Stable Isotopes

Hussain

Han

et al. 2021

Front. Earth Sci.

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The Kohat Basin (KB) lies on the Himalayan Foothills and is of scientific importance as it directly recorded the closure of the Tethys Sea and the Himalayan collision between India, Asia, and a number of other small plates. During the Eocene, after the collision between the Indian and Eurasian plates terminated the Tethys Sea, thick-bedded marine evaporite sequences developed in the KB. In this study, we combined mineralogy, geochemistry, fluid inclusion and chlorine stable isotope compositions to discuss the origin and evolution of the KB Eocene halite deposits with the ultimate objective of defining the paleoclimate that was prevailing in Asia during the Eocene. Our results showed that halite samples were SO42− rich (225–370.103 ppm) and Br− poor (<3 ppm). Cl−, B+, Mg2+, K+, SO42− and very low Br concentrations as well as the (Br/Cl) ratios indicated that halite resulted of a mixture of solutions with variable compositions and that dissolution, recrystallization and a progressive decrease in dolomitization were the mechanisms leading to the formation of these evaporites. A Br/Cl vs Cl plot revealed that the end members involved were: seawater (sw), saline waters and/or freshwaters. The recrystallization process prevented identifying the primary structures and primary fluid-inclusions. Most of Cl isotope compositions (−0.54‰<δ37Cl < 0.83‰) were within the usual range (0 ± 0.5‰) associated to seawater as the initial source for the halite. The higher isotope compositions (δ37Cl ≥ 0.83‰) comforted the hypothesis of the genesis by mixing of solutions of different origins as well as the involvement of recrystallization. Based on our results, we are proposing the following to explain the regional paleoclimate sequence: 1) shallow water conditions; 2) halite precipitation induced by evaporation, 3) unstable paleoclimatic conditions that resulted in the morphing from an evaporite basin into a terrestrial foreland basin. All these events were controlled by regional tectonic and linked to both the overall uplift times of the NW Indian Craton and the Eocene thermal maximum one during the Eocene-Oligocene period.

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Section: Halite Mineralogical Characteristicsmentioning

confidence: 99%