The origin of Miocene evaporites in the Tuz Gölü basin (Central Anatolia, Turkey): Implications from strontium, sulfur and oxygen isotopic compositions of the Ca-Sulfate minerals

Geochemistry and Sr, S, and O stable isotopes of Miocene Abu Dhabi evaporites, United Arab Emirates

“…Sr observed values vary from 247.6 to 3476.9 ppm. In evaporites formed in marine environments, Sr values vary between 1000 and 5000 ppm [ 9 ]. These variations in Sr concentration provide evidence for unstable salinity conditions during and/or after the formation of the gypsum deposit.…”

“…A large amount of information regarding paleosalinity, initial brine composition, depositional basin water depth, paleotemperature, evaporite origins, and diagenetic processes have been based on the geochemistry of major and trace elements [ [5] , [6] , [7] ]. Moreover, a significant contribution for determining the origin, marine vs non-marine, of ancient evaporites and the influence of different water types on the depositional basin may be acquired from the use of strontium ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), oxygen (δ 18 O sulfate ), and sulfur (δ 34 S sulfate ) isotope data [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Karakaya et al [ 9 ] employed 34 S and 18 O values to deduce the contribution of the recycling-dissolution of the predeposited marine sulfates (Oligocene-Eocene), arid conditions and bacterial sulfate reduction processes on the compositions of the Miocene evaporites in the Tuz Gölü basin, Turkey.…”

“…Moreover, a significant contribution for determining the origin, marine vs non-marine, of ancient evaporites and the influence of different water types on the depositional basin may be acquired from the use of strontium ( 87 Sr/ 86 Sr), oxygen (δ 18 O sulfate ), and sulfur (δ 34 S sulfate ) isotope data [ [8] , [9] , [10] , [11] ]. Karakaya et al [ 9 ] employed 34 S and 18 O values to deduce the contribution of the recycling-dissolution of the predeposited marine sulfates (Oligocene-Eocene), arid conditions and bacterial sulfate reduction processes on the compositions of the Miocene evaporites in the Tuz Gölü basin, Turkey. The lithologies and Sr isotope compositions of Middle Jurassic evaporites in the Qamdo and Qiangtang Basins of Eastern Tibet were compared by Fei et al [ 10 ].…”

The Sulfur Isotopic Characteristics of Evaporites in the Yarkand Basin of Xinjiang Province in the Paleocene and Its Paleoenvironmental Evolution

“…The sulfur isotopes present in seawater sulfate can serve as an important tool for stratigraphic correlation. Raw data on seawater sulfur isotopes preserved in evaporites, carbonate-associated sulfates, and marine barite from around the world are commonly used to reconstruct seawater sulfate's continuous sulfur isotopic curves for the Phanerozoic [8,10,15,[46][47][48][49]. In particular, the Yarkand Basin, located in the northeast of the eastern Paratethys ocean, experienced numerous large-scale marine transgression-regression cycles during the Late Cretaceous-Paleocene period, particularly in the western Tarim Basin [25].…”

“…Sulfur isotopic techniques have been widely used to study evaporites in saline lakes in recent years [5], as they allow for regional and even global comparison of marine sedimentary layers due to their highly regular distribution in sulfate. Especially under complex conditions, analyzing the distribution of sulfur isotopes provides substantial evidence for reconstructing paleogeographic sedimentary environments and understanding the genesis of evaporites [6][7][8][9]. The sulfur isotope composition of marine evaporites records the evolutionary history of seawater sulfates in different geological periods.…”