Origin and distribution of four species of Phytophthora

Zentmyer, G. A.

doi:10.1016/s0007-1536(88)80111-6

Cited by 62 publications

(38 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…Many of these, such as the potato blight pathogen Phytophthora infestans or the forest dieback pathogen Phytophthora cinnamomi, are responsible for destructive crop epidemics or for destabilizing terrestrial ecosystems (1). In such cases the pathogen usually is introduced (2,3). In 1993, a previously unknown Phytophthora was reported from southern Britain that caused the death of riparian alder (Alnus spp.)…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of a new Phytophthora pathogen through interspecific hybridization

Brasier

Cooke

Duncan

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

315

284

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Plant disease epidemics resulting from introductions of exotic fungal plant pathogens are a well known phenomenon. An associated risk—that accelerated pathogen evolution may be occurring as a consequence of genetic exchange between introduced, or introduced and resident, fungal pathogens—is largely unrecognized. This is, in part, because examples of natural, interspecific hybridization in fungi are very rare. Potential evolutionary developments range from the acquisition of new host specificities to emergence of entirely new pathogen taxa. We present evidence from cytological behavior, additive nucleotide bases in repetitive internal transcribed spacer regions of the rRNA-encoding DNA (rDNA), and amplified fragment length polymorphisms of total DNA that a new, aggressive Phytophthora pathogen of alder trees in Europe comprises a range of heteroploid-interspecific hybrids involving a Phytophthora cambivora -like species and an unknown taxon similar to Phytophthora fragariae . The hybrids’ marked developmental instabilities, unusual morphological variability, and evidence for recombination in their internal transcribed spacer profiles indicates that they are of recent origin and that their evolution is continuing. The likelihood of such evolutionary events may be increasing as world trade in plants intensifies. However, routine diagnostic procedures currently in use are insufficiently sensitive to allow their detection.

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mentioning

confidence: 99%

Origin of a new Phytophthora pathogen through interspecific hybridization

Brasier

Cooke

Duncan

1999

Proc. Natl. Acad. Sci. U.S.A.

315

284

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“…A centre of origin has been unequivocally demonstrated for only a few Phytophthora species (Tooley, Fry & Villareal Gonzalez 1985, Zentmyer 1988). The origin of many presumed exotic species of Phytophthora is unknown.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

AFLP and phylogenetic analyses of North American and European populations of Phytophthora ramorum

Ivors

Hayden

Bonants³

et al. 2004

Mycological Research

142

126

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The genetic structure within and between USA and European populations of the emerging phytopathogen Phytophthora ramorum was examined. Four primer combinations were used for amplified fragment length polymorphism (AFLP) fingerprinting of 67 USA isolates from California and Oregon, and 18 European isolates from Belgium, Germany, The Netherlands, Spain and the UK. In addition, three DNA regions (ITS, cox II, and nad 5) of additional Phytophthora species were amplified by polymerase chain reaction, sequenced, and analysed to provide better phylogenetic understanding of P. ramorum within the genus Phytophthora. AFLP banding patterns indicate that the 85 isolates form two distinct lineages within a monophyletic group, distinct from the closely related outgroup species P. lateralis. With the exception of two isolates from an Oregon nursery, European and USA isolates clustered separately within individual clades. The AFLP profiles also indicate that a single clonal lineage dominates the North American population, while the European population consists of an array of mainly unique, closely related AFLP types. Sequences from the three DNA regions were identical among all P. ramorum isolates, and phylogenetic analysis indicates that P. ramorum is closely related to P. lateralis and P. hibernalis.

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“…Information on the origin of P. colocasiae is limited [45] and the area of origin remains undefined [46]. Trujillo [9] speculated that the pathogen might have originated in South-east Asia, based on earlier reports of the disease in India.…”

Section: Origin Dispersal and Distribution Of Diseasementioning

confidence: 99%