Taro Leaf Blight—A Threat to Food Security

Singh, Davinder; Jackson, G. V. H.; Hunter, Danny; Fullerton, R. A.; Lebot, Vincent; Taylor, Mary; Iosefa, T.; Okpul, T.; Tyson, Joy L.

doi:10.3390/agriculture2030182

Cited by 80 publications

(85 citation statements)

References 27 publications

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“…The most devastating among these diseases is Taro Leaf Blight (TLB) (Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996;Brooks, 2008;Singh, et al, 2012;Tyson, 2012;Onyeka, 2014). The disease was first described in Java by Marian Raciborski in 1900 (Wikipedia, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The disease was first described in Java by Marian Raciborski in 1900 (Wikipedia, 2016). It is a fungal disease of cocoyam (Taro) caused by Phytophthora colocasiae (Erwin and Ribeiro, 1996;Brooks, 2005;Brooks, 2008;Singh et al, 2012;Cabi, 2016). The pathogen thrives best in high humidity and high rainfall environments which aid the spread through rain splash on the free leaves (Brooks, 2005;Cabi, 2016).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Incidence and Severity of Taro Leaf-Blight in Iwollo, South-Eastern Nigeria

Adinde¹,

Anieke²,

Nwankwo³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol.

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A b s t r a c t A r t i c l e I n f oDisease incidence and disease severity were evaluated to determine the prevalence of Taro Leaf Blight in Iwollo. Four cocoyam (Colocasia esculenta L. Schott) farms from each of the six villages in Iwollo namely, Umueze-Onyia, Ndibunagu, Amagu, Obinagu, Owolloti and Enugwu were randomly selected and a farm area of 8m × 4m (32 sq m) marked out in each of the farms for the experiment. The experiment was laid out in completely randomized design (CRD) comprising six treatments with four replications. Number of plants infected with taro leaf blight was counted and the area of the affected leaves measured and used to evaluate the disease incidence and disease severity. Data collected were subjected to Analysis of Variance (ANOVA) for completely randomized design and the means showing significant difference compared using least significant difference (LSD) at 0.05 probability levels. The results revealed significant differences (p<0.05) in disease incidence and disease severity among the villages in Iwollo. All the villages recorded high incidence and severity of Taro Leaf Blight with the highest percentage obtained in Umueze-Onyia village. It could be concluded from the results that there was high prevalence of Taro leaf blight in Iwollo. Good management strategies are therefore required to control Taro leaf blight and improve cocoyam production in the area.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Incidence and Severity of Taro Leaf-Blight in Iwollo, South-Eastern Nigeria

Adinde¹,

Anieke²,

Nwankwo³

et al. 2016

Int. J. Curr. Res. Biosci. Plant Biol.

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“…Plant fungal pathogens can also pose a threat to human health by decreased plant quality and quantity. This may lead to forced displacement of food, shift economic prospects of countries, cause political uncertainty and forced migration of humans (Anderson et al, 2004;Ellis et al, 2008;Gould, 2009;Singh et al, 2012). These phytopathogens consequently cause enormous problems for farmers, policy makers, researchers and consumers (Fletcher et al, 2006).…”

Section: Problems Caused By Plant Fungal Pathogens In Agricultural Prmentioning

confidence: 99%

The Use of Plants to Protect Plants and Food Against Fungal Pathogens: A Review

Shuping¹,

Eloff²

2017

Afr J Tradit Complement Altern Med

190

104

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Background: Plant fungal pathogens play a crucial role in the profitability, quality and quantity of plant production. These phytopathogens are persistent in avoiding plant defences causing diseases and quality losses around the world that amount to billions of US dollars annually. To control the scourge of plant fungal diseases, farmers have used fungicides to manage the damage of plant pathogenic fungi. Drawbacks such as development of resistance and environmental toxicity associated with these chemicals have motivated researchers and cultivators to investigate other possibilities. Materials and Methods: Several databases were accessed to determine work done on protecting plants against plant fungal pathogens with plant extracts using search terms "plant fungal pathogen", "plant extracts" and "phytopathogens". Proposals are made on the best extractants and bioassay techniques to be used. Results: In addition to chemical fungicides, biological agents have been used to deal with plant fungal diseases. There are many examples where plant extracts or plant derived compounds have been used as commercial deterrents of fungi on a large scale in agricultural and horticultural setups. One advantage of this approach is that plant extracts usually contain more than one antifungal compound. Consequently the development of resistance of pathogens may be lower if the different compounds affect a different metabolic process. Plants cultivated using plants extracts may also be marketed as organically produced. Many papers have been published on effective antimicrobial compounds present in plant extracts focusing on applications in human health. More research is required to develop suitable, sustainable, effective, cheaper botanical products that can be used to help overcome the scourge of plant fungal diseases. Conclusions: Scientists who have worked only on using plants to control human and animal fungal pathogens should consider the advantages of focusing on plant fungal pathogens. This approach could not only potentially increase food security for rural farmers, lead to commercial rewards, but it is also much easier to test the efficacy in greenhouse or field experiments. Even if extracts are toxic it may still be useful in the floriculture industry.

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“…Small holder production systems in developing countries account for most of the global cocoyam production that utilizes minimum external resource input (Singh et al, 2012). Despite its importance, the average yield is far below the potential yield ranging from 30 to 60 t.ha -1 (Lebot, 2009).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The world production of cocoyam is estimated at 11.8 million tons per annum (Vishnu et al, 2012), produced from about 2 million hectares with mean yield of 6.0 t.ha -1 (Singh et al, 2012). Small holder production systems in developing countries account for most of the global cocoyam production that utilizes minimum external resource input (Singh et al, 2012).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Assessment of agro-morphological diversity and affinities in cocoyam species from Sierra Leone

Norman¹,

Bebeley²,

Beah³

et al. 2015

Int. J. Biodivers. Conserv.

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Lack of knowledge of genetic variation within cocoyam germplasm limits its effective utilization in developing ideotypes with desirable traits for various end-uses. An agro-phenotypic characterization study was therefore conducted at the Njala Agricultural Research Centre (NARC) experimental site, Sierra Leone. The aim of the study was to evaluate the level of diversity within cocoyam germplasm using factor, cluster and minimum spanning tree analyses. A total of 27 genotypes were grown in a randomized complete block design with three replications in 2013 and 2014. Forty-two agromorphological traits measured from the genotypes were analyzed using factor analysis (FA), hierarchical cluster analysis (HCA) and minimum spanning tree (MST). Above ground, biotic stress, underground storage organ and quality traits were useful in discriminating within and between species studied. Factor analysis loaded six factors which explained 77.5% of the total agro-phenotypic variation in the dependence structure. Other factors (>6) explained the rest of the genetic variation and may not be important in cocoyam breeding programme. The dendrogram of the HCA, based on the agromorphological traits, showed four major groups, which supports the MST and FA. This study demonstrated wide agro-phenotypic variation among cocoyam germplasm which implied their utilization in breeding program. Findings are also useful for conservation planning of cocoyam. However, further biochemical or molecular studies are needed to complement and confirm the current agro-morphological variation.

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Taro Leaf Blight—A Threat to Food Security

Abstract: Taro leaf blight (caused by the Oomycete

Cited by 80 publications

References 27 publications

Incidence and Severity of Taro Leaf-Blight in Iwollo, South-Eastern Nigeria

Incidence and Severity of Taro Leaf-Blight in Iwollo, South-Eastern Nigeria

The Use of Plants to Protect Plants and Food Against Fungal Pathogens: A Review

Assessment of agro-morphological diversity and affinities in cocoyam species from Sierra Leone

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