Origami-inspired electret-based triboelectric generator for biomechanical and ocean wave energy harvesting

In this article, a miniature micromotor comprising of gold, nickel, and platinum is proposed. Herein, platinum acting as a chemical catalyst stimulates hydrogen peroxide to decompose into water and oxygen bubbles separated from the surface, which conversely produces a recoil force to drive the gold-nickelplatinum micromotor propelling forward. The micromotor is synthesized by a layer-by-layer coating strategy based on the micro-electro-mechanical systems technology. The propulsion of the as-synthesized micromotor is experimentally conducted in diluted hydrogen peroxide both with and without the presence of external magnetic field, disclosing that oxygen bubbles are produced and separated from the platinum surface. Moreover, the results show that the speed of the gold-nickel-platinum micromotor is larger at higher hydrogen peroxide concentration, and the micromotor is able to move forward in an either linear or circular trajectory depending on the separation site of oxygen bubbles, the propulsion path of the micromotor can be manipulated by external magnetic field as well. Hence, the propulsion of the micromotor is chemical reaction-and magnetic field-dependent. In addition, the surfactant effect on the propulsion of micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation are investigated.

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“…Such micromotors could be used for environmental remediation and practical applications. [28][29][30][31][32][33][34][35][36]…”

Section: Surfactant Effect On Au-ni-pt Micromotor's Propulsion and Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Chemical reaction dependency, magnetic field and surfactant effects on the propulsion of disk‐like micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation

Wang

Lim

et al. 2020

Nano Select

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“…In search of clean and renewable energy sources, so‐called (tribo)electric nanogenerators that convert mechanical energy into electrical energy have recently attracted substantial attention. [ 1–16 ] The efficiency of triboelectric nanogenerators is, however, limited by the relatively small [ 1,6–9,11–14 ] and often unstable [ 5,7,8,15 ] and poorly controllable [ 5,15,17–19 ] surface charge density generated by triboelectrification. Achieving large and stable charge densities by controlled injection (or ejection) of charge carriers into a material by various methods [ 20 ] was studied before in the context of electrets: (quasi‐)permanently charged materials that are ubiquitous because of their use in the majority of (consumer) microphones, [ 20–22 ] as nowadays commonly used in smartphones.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Electrowetting‐Assisted Generation of Ultrastable High Charge Densities in Composite Silicon Oxide–Fluoropolymer Electret Samples for Electric Nanogenerators

Mendel

Mugele

2021

Adv Funct Materials

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Electric nanogenerators that directly convert the energy of moving drops into electrical signals require hydrophobic substrates with a high density of static electric charge that is stable in “harsh environments” created by continued exposure to potentially saline water. The recently proposed charge‐trapping electric generators (CTEGs) that rely on stacked inorganic oxide–fluoropolymer (FP) composite electrets charged by homogeneous electrowetting‐assisted charge injection (h‐EWCI) seem to solve both problems, yet the reasons for this success have remained elusive. Here, systematic measurements at variable oxide and FP thickness, charging voltage, and charging time and thermal annealing up to 230 °C are reported, leading to a consistent model of the charging process. It is found to be controlled by an energy barrier at the water‐FP interface, followed by trapping at the FP‐oxide interface. Protection by the FP layer prevents charge densities up to −1.7 mC m−2 from degrading and the dielectric strength of SiO2 enables charge decay times up to 48 h at 230 °C, suggesting lifetimes against thermally activated discharging of thousands of years at room temperature. Combining high dielectric strength oxides and weaker FP top coatings with electrically controlled charging provides a new paradigm for developing ultrastable electrets for applications in energy harvesting and beyond.

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“…[ 29–32 ] However, the randomness and irregularity of energy from the environment results in an output performance of TENGs that is usually irregular and uncontrollable. [ 33,34 ] This has become one of the key problems restricting their applications.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Mechanical Regulation Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Controllable Output Performance for Random Energy Harvesting

Yin

Qiao

et al. 2020

Advanced Energy Materials

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of energy collection. [1][2][3][4][5] However, ambient mechanical energy is characterized as having a wide range of operating frequencies, low amplitudes, randomness, and irregularity. [6][7][8] This sets a barrier for the mechanical energy collection for electromagnetic generators with weak performance in power generation at low frequencies. [9,10] In 2012, triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) with high power density, high energy conversion efficiency, and low costs were proposed by Wang's group, [11] which aroused comprehensive attention on the aspect of energy harvesting research. [12][13][14][15][16][17] Based on the coupling of triboelectrification effect and electrostatic induction, TENGs show excellent characteristics at low frequency and low amplitude, so they can convert ambient mechanical energy into electrical energy efficiently. [18][19][20][21][22][23][24] Researchers have investigated harvesting energy from the ocean, human motion, and vibration and wind in the environment. [25][26][27][28] Depending on its operating principle, the output characteristics of TENGs, especially the current, are determined by the external excitation. [29][30][31][32] However, the randomness and irregularity of energy from the environment results in an output performance of TENGs that is usually irregular and uncontrollable. [33,34] This has become one of the key problems restricting their applications.In the paper, the research philosophy of a mechanical regulation triboelectric nanogenerator (MR-TENG) with controllable output performance for harvesting random energy is proposed for the first time. Through the combination of the energy storage structure and the control switch structure, the controllable output of TENG under random excitation is achieved. The MR-TENG is made up of five main components: transmission unit, switch structure, generator unit which includes stator and rotor, flywheel, and shell. The structural transmission unit transfers random linear or rocking motions in the environment to the flywheel. The rotor of the generator unit fixed on the flywheel includes six flexible blades and a thin-walled cylinder. The stator of the generator unit includes a shell with 12 copper electrodes pasted equidistant on the inner wall of this shell. The rotor and stator cooperate to convert rotational kinetic Recycling of random mechanical energy in the environment has become an important research hotspot. The triboelectric nanogenerators (TENGs) were invented to harvest energy, and have been widely applied due to their simple structure, small size, and low cost. This paper reports a mechanical regulation triboelectric nanogenerator (MR-TENG) for the first time with controllable output performance used to harvest random or irregular energy in the environment. It comprises a transmission unit, switch structure, generator unit, flywheel, and shell. Random linear motion or rocking motion is transferred via the transmission unit to the flywheel. The rotor of the generator unit fixed on the flywheel and the stator of the gen...

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Origami-inspired electret-based triboelectric generator for biomechanical and ocean wave energy harvesting

Abstract: Weizheng (2020) Origamiinspired electret-based triboelectric generator for biomechanical and ocean wave energy harvesting. Nano Energy, 67. p. 104197.

Cited by 206 publications

References 73 publications

Chemical reaction dependency, magnetic field and surfactant effects on the propulsion of disk‐like micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation

Chemical reaction dependency, magnetic field and surfactant effects on the propulsion of disk‐like micromotor and its application for E. coli transportation

Electrowetting‐Assisted Generation of Ultrastable High Charge Densities in Composite Silicon Oxide–Fluoropolymer Electret Samples for Electric Nanogenerators

Mechanical Regulation Triboelectric Nanogenerator with Controllable Output Performance for Random Energy Harvesting

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