Orientation relationships in the secondary recrystallization of pure nickel

Plasticity size effects in free-standing submicron polycrystalline FCC films subjected to pure tension

“…It consists of grains with an average size of 250 -300 nm with occasional larger grains, approximately 500 nm in size. An aspect of grains in thin ÿlms, especially for FCC and BCC metals, is that they can exhibit a preferred texture (Blicharski and Gorczyca, 1978;Nutting, 1980, 1982;Borodkina and Orekhova, 1982;Lejeck and Sima, 1983). The standard explanation of this e ect is the preferential growth of grains oriented in the lowest surface energy conÿguration (Grant et al, 1988;Weiland et al, 1988).…”

“…This includes grain size, morphology, and crystallographic texture. Preferential grain orientations during ÿlm growth result from minimization of surface energies (Borodkina and Orekhova, 1982;Lejeck and Sima, 1983). Likewise, the average grain size scales with the ÿlm thickness due to an e ect called the "specimen thickness e ect," which depends upon grain boundaries being pinned by their surface grooves, occurring when the mean equivalent grain diameter is on the order of the ÿlm thickness (Beck et al, 1948;Mullins, 1958).…”

Necking of anisotropic micro-films with strain-gradient effects

“…[28]. Furthermore, from minimization of surface energies, preferential grain orientation during film growth may occur [29,30]. Thus, as the specimen size affects the micro-structural features and since a major cause of plastic anisotropy is texture, micro-films may be plastically anisotropic.…”

Surface Stress and Reversing Size Effect in the Initial Yielding of Ultrathin Films

“…Still another size effect pertains to the grain size, which in annealed films tends to scale with the thickness of the film [5,6]. Because smaller grains lead to a higher yield stress (the Hall-Petch relation [7,8,9]) or perhaps to a lower yield stress (the reverse Hall-Petch relation, valid for grains smaller than about 10 nm [10]), this size effect can be readily explained.…”

“…Because a texture frequently leads to a higher yield stress [5,6], this size effect can be readily explained. Still another size effect pertains to the grain size, which in annealed films tends to scale with the thickness of the film [5,6].…”