Orientation Misperceptions Induced by Contrast Polarity: Comment on “Contrast Polarities Determine the Direction of Café Wall Tilts” by Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Baingio Pinna, and Gavin Brelstaff (2004)

Roncato, Sergio

doi:10.1068/p5268

Cited by 8 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 8 publications

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“…Furthermore, I here propose a new illusion called the reverse checkered illusion (Figure 29), an apparent reversal of the enhanced checkered illusion. This illusion might be able to be attributed to the illusion of shifted edges (see Roncato, 2006).…”

Section: Other Tilt Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

“…One may prefer solving the problem described above by introducing a hypothesis that these tilt illusions are explained with positional illusions (Fermüller & Malm, 2004; Roncato, 2000, 2006; Roncato & Casco, 2003). In the images of these tilt illusions, positional illusions appear in the configuration made up of three fields of different luminances, one being thin and the other two being thick, with the latter flanking the former (Gregory & Heard, 1983; Kitaoka, 2006; Morgan, Mather, Moulden, & Watt, 1984).…”

Section: Other Tilt Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹

Kitaoka¹

2007

Jpn Psychol Res

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This article reviews the study of tilt illusions by focusing on new illusions or new demonstrations reported by Japanese researchers after the review of Oyama (1960). Steady progress was observed in a variety of illusions. In particular, the development of the study of the Café Wall illusion and its related illusions during the past decade was remarkable. The study of the spiral illusion has also progressed dramatically.Key words: tilt illusion, orientation, Zöllner illusion, Fraser illusion, Café Wall illusion, spiral illusion.Visual illusion refers to the phenomenon that some properties of the percept of an object are different from those as they "really" are. Visual illusion includes the illusion of shape, lightness, color, motion, etc. (see Kitaoka, 2005a). The illusion of shape, traditionally called "geometrical" illusion, includes the illusion of orientation, size, and position (Robinson, 1972). This article focuses on the illusion of orientation, that is, tilt illusion.Tilt illusion refers to apparent tilt of a line, bar or an edge. For example, parallel lines do not appear to be parallel, a straight line appears to curve, or the angle formed by two lines appears to be larger or smaller than it really is. The aim of this article is to review the study of tilt illusions reported by Japanese researchers after the review of Oyama (1960), with a focus on new illusions or new demonstrations. Zöllner illusion Zöllner illusionThe Zöllner illusion is the apparent expansion of the acute angle formed by two crossing lines. Figure 1 shows an example in which a horizontal line appears to tilt clockwise because it is crossed by oblique lines that tilt counterclockwise from the horizontal.The Zöllner illusion is observed when the acute angle is between 0 ° and 90 ° (Morinaga, 1933;Parlangeli & Roncato, 1995;Wallace & Crampin, 1969), but the maximum magnitude is obtained when the acute angle is between 10 ° and 30 ° (Maheux, Townsend, & Gresock, 1960;Morinaga, 1933;Oyama, 1975;Wallace & Crampin, 1969). The Zöllner illusion is stronger when induced lines are rotated 45 ° from the vertical or horizontal than when they are vertical or horizontal, respectively (see Oyama, 1960). Oyama (1975Oyama ( , 1977 revealed that, in the Zöllner illusion, interactions between two lines are limited to narrow visual fields and he 1 Part of this research was supported by a Grant-in-Aid for Scientific Research awarded by the Japan Society for the Promotion of Science (Nos. 18203036 and 16530480). Deep gratitude is extended to Dr Tadasu Oyama for his encouragement.2 Correspondence concerning this article should be sent to: Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Department of Psychology, Ritsumeikan University, Toji-in Kitamachi, Kita-ku, Kyoto 603-8577, Japan. (Email: akitaoka@lt.ritsumei.ac.jp) Figure 1. The Zöllner illusion. The horizontal line appears to tilt clockwise.

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Section: Other Tilt Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 98%

Section: Other Tilt Illusionsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹

Kitaoka¹

2007

Jpn Psychol Res

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“…Lulich and Stevens (1989) demonstrated that if the mortar line is removed and substituted by points of different colours (black points at the centre of the boundary between white tiles, and white points at the centre of the boundary between black tiles) the impression of illusory tilt persists. Kitaoka et al (2001Kitaoka et al ( , 2004 and Roncato (2006) provided further proof that misperception of the orientation of checkerboard lines may be produced by local patterns lacking spatial orientation. (b) The direction of tilt in the Cafe¨Wall illusion cannot be predicted on the basis of local orientation cues.…”

Section: The Cafe¨wall Illusionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Boundary Completion, Contrast Polarity, and the Perception of Illusory Tilt

Parlangeli

Roncato

2008

Perception

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What we perceive as a unitary object can be the result of integrative processes that generate a whole from parts. Although this issue of visual perception has been widely explored, recent experimental findings demonstrate that our knowledge is still incomplete. In particular, the question whether contour binding is affected by the sign of contrast (contrast polarity) across edges requires more in-depth examination. Here we show the effects of edge bindings that originate from the merging of laterally displaced edges with the same contrast polarity. We have studied a particular context in which such effects may emerge: a checkerboard with a series of alternated dark and light shapes superimposed on the corners of the squares. The phenomenal observations and experimental findings support the theories according to which boundary completions are originated by phenomena of edge propagation within a 'field of completion' (eg Shipley and Kellman, 2003 Perception 32 985-999) adjacent to an edge ending. Our findings conform to the Shipley and Kellman theory that boundary completion results from the interaction of edges as well as from edges and shapes lacking in oriented contours, the latter serving as 'receiving units', anchoring the paths of activations generated by oriented edges. We propose to integrate this theory with the hypothesis that interactions sensitive to the contrast sign generate conjunction paths of edges that alter their perceived orientation. Based on this perspective we propose an alternative account for the Café Wall illusion that can be extended to other phenomena of orientation misperception and to a Café Wall inversion effect that has not been observed previously.

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“…It remains unsettling not to understand how an evolutionarily crucial process can be misled by so many visual artefacts (Leviant, 1996). Numerous radially arranged 2D figures constructed from rhythmic, repetitive black-white patterns (luminance gradients) have been repeatedly found to generate illusory motion perception (Gregory, 1995;Kanizsa, 1979;Kitaoka et al, 2001Kitaoka et al, , 2006MacKay, 1958MacKay, , 1980Ouchi, 1977;Pirenne, Compbell, Robson, & MacKay, 1958;Roncato, 2006;Spillmann, 1993;Spillmann, & Dresp, 1995;Thompson, 1880;Wertheimer, 1912;Zoellner, 1860). Most of these illusory motion figures work in 2D space on a sheet of paper, however, fewer motion illusions have been found and observed in 3D space.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Perceptual Experience of Visual Motion Activates hMT+ Independently From the Physical Reality: fMRI Insights From the Looming Pinna Figure

Budnik

Hindi-Attar

Hamburger³

et al. 2016

Perception

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The human motion processing area, hMT+, has been labeled the critical neural area for processing of real and illusory visual motion in radial 2D patterns. However, the activation in hMT+ during perception of illusory rotation in the looming double-circular Pinna Figure (PF) generated in 3D space has not been observed yet. To do so, an optic-flow like motion of rings (looming) in PF was generated on a computer screen. A psychophysically precise nulling procedure allowed quantifying the individual amount of the perceived illusory rotation in PF (PI) for each participant. The interpolation of the individual illusory motion parameters created a subjectively non-rotating PF and a physically rotating control stimulus of identical rotary strength as the PI. The physically rotating control was a double-circular figure which diverged from PF only in its arrangement of luminance gradients. In a 3-Tesla scanner, participants were presented with a random order of rotating and non-rotating figures (illusory, real, no rotation, and nulled PI). Both types, illusory and real rotation, when equal in perceptual strength for the observer, were found to be processed by hMT+.

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Orientation Misperceptions Induced by Contrast Polarity: Comment on “Contrast Polarities Determine the Direction of Café Wall Tilts” by Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Baingio Pinna, and Gavin Brelstaff (2004)

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹

Boundary Completion, Contrast Polarity, and the Perception of Illusory Tilt

Perceptual Experience of Visual Motion Activates hMT+ Independently From the Physical Reality: fMRI Insights From the Looming Pinna Figure

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Orientation Misperceptions Induced by Contrast Polarity: Comment on “Contrast Polarities Determine the Direction of Café Wall Tilts” by Akiyoshi Kitaoka, Baingio Pinna, and Gavin Brelstaff (2004)

Cited by 8 publications

References 8 publications

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review1

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review1

Boundary Completion, Contrast Polarity, and the Perception of Illusory Tilt

Perceptual Experience of Visual Motion Activates hMT+ Independently From the Physical Reality: fMRI Insights From the Looming Pinna Figure

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Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹

Tilt illusions after Oyama (1960): A review¹