Orientation‐Dependent Host–Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers

Zhang, Fengjiao; Mohammadi, Erfan; Qu, Ge; Dai, Xiaolin; Diao, Ying

doi:10.1002/adma.202002823

Cited by 25 publications

(37 citation statements)

References 29 publications

(37 reference statements)

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“…Although previous studies have focused on chemical doping, there is literature precedent indicating that surface-doping is facilitated by face-on oriented polymer domains. [43] Electrochemical and spectroelectrochemical studies in aqueous electrolyte serve as an excellent initial screening tool for active materials for OECT applications and we do indeed find that IG-T, TIG-T and TIG-BT, who all displayed good oxidative electrochromic behavior, can be employed as p-type mixed conductors in a conventional OECT configuration interfaced with aqueous sodium chloride solution. The relatively poor performance of IG-T, with a high threshold of -0.69 V, a normalized transconductance of 23 mS cm -1 and a µC* product of 0.20 F cm -1 V -1 s -1 , is to be expected considering the low degree of backbone planarity, relatively weak structural ordering observed by GIWAXS and consequently a low hole mobility on the order of 10 -3 cm 2 /Vs.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

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From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design

et al. 2022

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dominated by poly (3,4-ethylenedioxythiophene) polystyrene sulfonate (PEDOT:PSS) and closely related derivatives as the active material, [4][5][6][7] new semiconducting materials have started to enter the arena in recent years. [8][9][10][11][12] In particular, hole-transporting (p-type) mixed conductors have emerged with properties on par or even better than benchmark PEDOT:PSS formulations, [9,13,14] whereas electron-transporting (n-type) materials are still lacking considerably in terms of mixed conduction performance. [15][16][17][18][19] The design of semiconducting materials for bioelectronic applications is heavily influenced by the rich body of literature in the broader field of organic electronics, evidenced by the development of, for example, oligo-and polythiophenes, [8,11,20,21] fullerenes, [18] diketopyrrolopyrrole-, [12,[22][23][24] and naphthalene-diimide-based [15,16] systems as efficient OMIECs. With that in mind, another versatile and highly efficient charge-transporting moiety, isoindigo (IG), has received very little attention for bioelectronic applications. [25] The IG motif depicted in Figure 1a can be structurally modified not only by introducing various solubilizing Organic mixed ionic and electronic conductors are of significant interest for bioelectronic applications. Here, three different isoindigoid building blocks are used to obtain polymeric mixed conductors with vastly different structural and electronic properties which can be further fine-tuned through the choice of comonomer unit. This work shows how careful design of the isoindigoid scaffold can afford highly planar polymer structures with high degrees of electronic delocalization, while subtle structural modifications can control the dominant charge carrier (hole or electron) when probed in organic electrochemical transistors. A combination of experimental and computational techniques is employed to probe electrochemical, structural, and mixed ionic and electronic properties of the polymer series which in turn allows the derivation of important structure-property relations for this promising class of materials in the context of organic bioelectronics. Ultimately, these findings are used to outline robust molecular-design strategies for isoindigo-based mixed conductors that can support efficient p-type, n-type, and ambipolar transistor operation in an aqueous environment.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 57%

“…Although previous studies have focused on chemical doping, there is literature precedent indicating that surface‐doping is facilitated by face‐on oriented polymer domains. [ 43 ]…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design

et al. 2022

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“…In comparison, the 2D monolayers coated on the dynamic template did afford measurable charge carrier mobilities. Besides facilitating 2D monolayer formation, we further applied the dynamic templating approach to controlling out-of-plane orientation of conjugated polymers as to largely modulate surface doping effect …”

Section: Strategies To Control Morphology During Solution Coating/pri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Besides facilitating 2D monolayer formation, we further applied the dynamic templating approach to controlling out-of-plane orientation of conjugated polymers as to largely modulate surface doping effect. 117 Liquid surfaces, such as hydrogen-bonded and ionic liquids, have been utilized in several other studies as substrates during solution processing. 118−122 For instance, Yang, Liu, Chi, and Zhang et al 118 utilized water as a substrate to deposit films of several donor−acceptor polymers such as poly[2,5-bis(2octyldodecyl)pyrrolo [3,4-c]pyrrole-1,4(2H,5H)-dione-3,6diyl)-alt-(2,2′;5′,2″;5″,2‴-quaterthiophen-5,5‴-diyl)] (PDPP4T) by drop-casting the polymer solution on water.…”

Section: Strategies To Control Morphology During Solution Coating/pri...mentioning

confidence: 99%

When Assembly Meets Processing: Tuning Multiscale Morphology of Printed Conjugated Polymers for Controlled Charge Transport

et al. 2021

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Conjugated polymers are rapidly emerging as an attractive class of semiconductors for next-generation electronics thanks to their low-cost, high-throughput solution processability, mechanical flexibility, stretchability, self-healing properties, and ability to interface and communicate with biological systems. Accordingly, the last four decades has seen a surge of studies that have provided seminal contributions to the thorough understanding of conjugated polymers. One of the key factors that dictates the electronic performance of conjugated polymers is their assembly and crystallization behavior, which has remained intriguing and challenging to study. The complex solution processing environment and rapid kinetics strongly couple with the conjugated polymer assembly process, further complicating a full mechanistic picture. In this perspective, we summarize the charge transport mechanism, fundamentals of conjugated polymer assembly, and solution printing. We further discuss central strategies that have been developed to control and enhance their multiscale assembly during solution printing. Finally, we hope that our perspective will stimulate more studies on how processing can control morphology and charge transport of conjugated polymers and applications of these concepts to other advanced functional materials.

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“…Solution process organic field-effect transistors (OFETs) have attracted widespread attention due to their low conversion cost, excellent electrical performance, and excellent mechanical properties. − The solid-state morphology and crystallinity are the key factors to determine the device performance because they affect the interchain and intrachain carrier transport behavior. − During the crystallization process, the solid state morphology can be affected by part of the solution state that is maintained in the solid state by the memory effect. − Such interaction between the solvent and polymer decides the chain conformation and aggregation state in the solution by affecting the planarity of the backbone and the arrangement of the side chain. , However, regulating the solution state by the interaction between the solvent and polymer to optimize the solid state morphology still remains challenging.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Optimizing the Crystallization Behavior and Film Morphology of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers by Side-Chain–Solvent Interaction in Nonpolar Solvents

et al. 2021

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The solution state of a conjugated polymer plays a critical role in the film morphology and charge carrier mobility of the solution process organic field-effect transistors (OFETs). However, it remains challenging to establish the relationship between solution-state and solid-state morphologies. Herein, we report an effective strategy to control the film formation process and film morphology by regulating the solution state, specifically, through the interaction between the branched side chain of poly[4-(4,4bis(2-octyldodecyl)-4H-cyclopenta[1,2-b:5,4-b′]dithiophen-2-yl)-alt-[1,2,5]-thiadiazolo[3,4-c]pyridine] (PCDTPT-ODD) and the nonpolar solvent. A precise adjustment of the solution state using the Hansen solubility parameter distance (R a ) has been achieved. Compared to the polar solvent, ordered aggregates were formed in the solution formed by nonpolar solvents. Interestingly, a highly ordered chain arrangement was observed in solutions with suitable R a 's (8.2 and 9.4 MPa 1/2 for hexane and isooctane, respectively). Importantly, solution-state aggregation was maintained in the drop-casting film due to the memory effect; the as-prepared films were composed of different fiber sizes and crystal regions. The fiber consisted of a face-on region, with the polymer chains in the fiber aligned perpendicular to the long axis of the fibers. The crystallization process of the edge-on region was independent of the face-on region. The face-on and edge-on regions were produced through the aggregated and disordered parts, respectively. As the R a increased, the fiber size and the face-on region content increased. Finally, the OFET device mobility was optimized with a significant increase in μ (from 9.7 × 10 −5 to 1.3 × 10 −3 cm 2 V −1 s −1 ). These results showed that the precise regulations of the solution state by the side-chain−solvent interaction play an important role in the film formation process, film morphology, crystallization behavior, and device properties.

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Orientation‐Dependent Host–Dopant Interactions for Manipulating Charge Transport in Conjugated Polymers

Cited by 25 publications

References 29 publications

From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design

From p‐ to n‐Type Mixed Conduction in Isoindigo‐Based Polymers through Molecular Design

When Assembly Meets Processing: Tuning Multiscale Morphology of Printed Conjugated Polymers for Controlled Charge Transport

Optimizing the Crystallization Behavior and Film Morphology of Donor–Acceptor Conjugated Semiconducting Polymers by Side-Chain–Solvent Interaction in Nonpolar Solvents

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