Orgulho e preconceito: a "objetividade" como mediadora entre o jornalismo e seu público

Abstract

O artigo discute o valor da "objetividade" na construção do discurso e na orientação das práticas jornalísticas. A análise de revistas brasileiras semanais de informação permite observar que o ideal da objetividade e a afirmação dos valores morais não são excludentes: "fatos objetivos" e julgamentos complementam-se na legitimação do jornalismo como guardião dos valores sociais. O compartilhamento de posições sociais - e preconceitos - entre os jornalistas e seu público permite que perspectivas e interesses específicos sejam vocalizados como se correspondessem à totalidade, naturalizando um padrão de valores e transmutando julgamentos em fatos. No jornalismo, a neutralidade corresponde à validação de discursos hegemônicos.<br>The article discusses the value of "objectivity" for journalistic discourses and practices. The analysis of Brazilian weekly news magazines confirms the comprehension that the ideal of objectivity and the assertion of moral values do not exclude each other: "objective facts" and judgments are complementary in legitimating journalism as the guardian of social values. The sharing of social positions - and prejudgments - between journalists and their public allows specific perspectives and interests to be voiced as if they equal the totality, naturalizing a pattern of values and making judgments into facts. In journalism, neutrality corresponds to the validation of hegemonic discourses

The Journalist between the Profession and the Newspaper's Interests: Values and Routines in the Production of Folha De S. Paulo’s Editorials

“…However, considering the prevalence of standardized rules and procedures does not imply understanding -how companies and journalists often propagate -that their productive processes would be an activity necessarily controlled by obedience to principles such as objectivity (Barros Filho, 1995;Marques, Miola & Siebra, 2014;Motta, 2013). In this case, there is a market issue to be considered: when affirming itself as having objective news reporting, the journalism tries to broaden its focus of action to enhance the control it exerts on the sphere of public visibility (Biroli & Miguel, 2012;Cook, 2005;Sparrow, 2006;Strömbäck, 2015). In other words, the political role of journalistic institutions may be revealed precisely through the alleged observation of the criteria and productive principles.…”

A atuação do jornalismo editorial no escândalo JBS: uma análise comparativa sobre os jornais Folha de S. Paulo e O Estado de S. Paulo

“…A conformação de um campo social próprio do jornalismo (BOURDIEU, 1997) implicou, então, a observação normativa de princípios como imparcialidade, objetividade e neutralidade (HARCUP;O'NEILL, 2001O'NEILL, , 2017. Nesse contexto, entre as estratégias utilizadas pelo jornalismo comercial, estão desde a adoção do lead até a separação entre as seções informativas e opinativas dos jornais MIGUEL, 2012;KAPLAN, 2012;VOS, 2011).…”

Knowledge-production in journalism: Translation, mediation and authorship in Brazil

“…As Reporters Without Borders (2013) puts it, Brazil is the country of '30 Berlusconis'. The self-regulation of the media in Brazil today thus fails to guarantee independence and diversity, a failure that is particularly visible in the poor representation of working-class interests (Biroli & Miguel, 2012).…”

“…For instance, in responding to accusations that Globo helped to instigate Dilma's impeachment, the executive editor of Globo Francisco Amaral responded: 'we are simply doing our job, we are just attached to the facts' (Aljazeera, 2016). As Biroli and Miguel (2012) point out, objectivity in Brazilian journalism is an unrealizable ideal, and the claim to neutrality may be a way of validating hegemonic discourses.…”