Organophosphate and pyrethroid resistances in the tomato leaf miner Tuta absoluta (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) from Iran

Abstract

The tomato leafminer, Tuta absoluta (Meyrich) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae), is a serious pest of tomato crops worldwide. The intensive use of chemical pesticides to control it has led to the selection of resistant populations. This study investigated the resistance of T. absoluta populations to pyrethroid and the organophosphate insecticides from ten regions of Iran. The resistance ratios at LC 50 for chlorpyrifos and diazinon varied among populations from 4.3 to 12 and from 1.4 to 9.0, respectively. The resistance ratios of the pyrethroids cypermethrin, deltamethrin and permethrin varied from 1.3 to 3.7, 2.7 to 13 and 1.2 to 4.3, respectively. Inclusion of synergists in toxicological bioassays and the variation observed in the activity of esterases, glutathione S-transferase and cytochrome P450-dependent monooxygenase suggest the existence of metabolically based resistance. Esterase and P450 biochemical assays were positively correlated with deltamethrin, and cypermethrin tolerance and diazinon tolerance correlated with esterase activity. The genes encoding the organophosphate and pyrethroid target sites acetylcholinesterase (ace1) and sodium channel (kdr) were partly sequenced. The genotyping revealed mutations in high frequencies in all populations leading to an A201S substitution in ace1 and three substitutions in the sodium channel gene L1014F, M918T, T929I. In summary, our results indicate the presence of organophosphate and pyrethroid resistance in Iranian T. absoluta populations with involvement of both detoxification enzymes and target site alterations. Most likely the populations of T. absoluta imported to Iran were resistant upon arrival. K E Y W O R D Sacetylcholinesterase, insecticide resistance, knock-down resistance, metabolic resistance, target site mutation, Tuta absoluta

Determination of Insecticide Susceptibility of Field Populations of Tomato Leaf Miner (Tuta absoluta) in Northern Nigeria

“…However, the high pyrethroid insensitivity resistance in agricultural pests, as observed in this northern Nigerian populations resulted in a shift to other more effective but expensive pesticides. High resistance to type I pyrethroid permethrin and type II pyrethroids, λ-cyhalothrin, deltamethrin and α-cypermethrin have been previously described for the Brazilian and Iranian populations of T. absoluta [22,24,42]. Our finding of 1014F kdr mutation in all the alive and dead larvae from λ-cyhalothrin exposure was in line with previous findings.…”

“…for chlorpyrifos and methamidophos in Iranian and Brazilian populations [42,43], and towards methamidophos in the Brazilian populations [43]. Just as established in our study the above studies described multiple resistance to pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates in the T. absoluta populations from different parts of the world [42,43]. The lowest mortalities observed towards abamectin was in keeping with a report from Argentine populations with abamectin exhibiting lowest LD 50 in three different populations compared to methamidophos and deltamethrin [44].…”

“…Organophosphate and carbamate resistance had been described for T. absoluta populations previously, e.g. for chlorpyrifos and methamidophos in Iranian and Brazilian populations [42,43], and towards methamidophos in the Brazilian populations [43]. Just as established in our study the above studies described multiple resistance to pyrethroids, carbamates and organophosphates in the T. absoluta populations from different parts of the world [42,43].…”

Predation and reproduction of the generalist predator Nabis pseudoferus preying on Tuta absoluta

“…Yet, agrochemicals have clear disadvantages, such as non‐target effects on beneficial organisms (Desneux et al, 2007; Biondi et al, 2012, 2015a) and the development of insecticide resistance. This phenomenon is due to the pest’s short lifespan, high fecundity, and high enzymatic capacity for detoxifying insecticides (Siqueira et al, 2000; Roditakis et al, 2018; Zibaee et al, 2018; Guedes et al, 2019; Silva et al, 2019). Non‐chemical pest management tactics are key to the design of novel sustainable management strategies against this pest (Desneux et al, 2010; Biondi et al, 2018).…”

Is Isaria fumosorosea selective to Trichogramma pretiosum (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae)?

“…Parasitoids are natural enemies of insect pests and are used as biological control agents against Lepidoptera, Hemiptera and Coleoptera, especially the parasitoids belonging to the genus Trichogramma (Hymenoptera: Trichogrammatidae) (Ksentini et al, 2013;Voinovich et al, 2013). Among the important pests of tomato crops Tuta absoluta (Meyrick) (Lepidoptera: Gelechiidae) (Filgueira, 2003;Zibaee et al, 2017;Ferracini et al, 2019), is controlled by releasing Trichogramma pretiosum Riley (Gallo et al, 2002;Haji et al, 2002;Cagnotti et al, 2016). In addition, the use of Trichogramma in Brazil has resulted in better yields of tomatoes (Haji et al, 2002;Figueiredo et al, 2015).…”