Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk

Nag, Subir; Raikwar, Mukesh K.

doi:10.1007/s00128-007-9276-6

Cited by 72 publications

(35 citation statements)

References 16 publications

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“…In milk samples from India were measured average levels of 4 μg/kg and 5 μg/kg for 4,4'-DDT and 4,4'-DDE, respectively; results that suggest a recent and continued use of the pesticide DDT. The same profile has been observed for lindane (HCH), whose levels in samples of milk from India reached values of 10 μg/kg (Nag & Raikwar, 2008). On the contrary, the higher values of lindane described in the Total Diet Study of the United States in 2001 were 0.00002 μg/kg, which is indicative of the high levels of exposure in the population from developing countries.…”

Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productssupporting

confidence: 67%

“…Thus, vegetable consumption has been related to lindane, and fruit intake with endosulfan (Mariscal-Arcas et al, 2010) The concentration of POPs found in the milk brands tested was low and always lower than the MRLs established by the laws. It must be highlighted that, actually, the levels of POPs residues in milk throughout the world have been significantly reduced, as a result of prohibition or restriction of use of this substances (Nag & Raikwar, 2008). In that way, the level of contamination by 4,4'-DDT in the European environment has declined drastically in recent years following the ban on its use forty years ago.…”

Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…But this does not apply in the developing countries. Both 4,4'-DDE and 4,4'-DDT are routinely detected in 100% of milk and other dairy products sold in China, Ghana and India (Darko & Acquaah, 2008;Nag & Raikwar, 2008;Zhang et al, 2006). In these countries the amounts of these residues are high, and reach worrying levels.…”

Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 2 more Smart Citations

Dietary Intake of Environmentally Persistent Plaguicides in the European Population

Almeida-González¹,

Boada²,

Zumbado³

et al. 2011

Pesticides - The Impacts of Pesticides Exposure

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Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productssupporting

confidence: 67%

Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: The Potentially Hazardous Foods: Milk and Dairy Productsmentioning

confidence: 99%

See 1 more Smart Citation

Dietary Intake of Environmentally Persistent Plaguicides in the European Population

Almeida-González¹,

Boada²,

Zumbado³

et al. 2011

Pesticides - The Impacts of Pesticides Exposure

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“…Alpha (α) isomer has been shown to be 3 times more toxic than the beta (β) isomer. In other study, bovine milk was analysed in India to determine OC pesticides [59]. Mean levels was 0.0065, 0.0229 and 0.0198 mg·kg −1 with α-Endosulfan, β-Endosulfan and Endosulfan Sulfate respectively.…”

Section: Pesticide Residuementioning

confidence: 99%

Quantification of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Buffalo Milk Samples of Delhi City, India

Aslam¹,

Rais²,

Alam³

2013

JEP

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The ill effects of green revolution include residues of extensively used chemical pesticides in various environmental components. The present study was designed to analyze the levels of organochlorine pesticide residues along with chemical composition in buffalo milk samples collected from different localities of Delhi. Milk monitoring can yield information about the kinds and quantities of pesticides in the environment as well as in our daily diet. In this study, the residue of three different organochlorine pesticides, namely Hexachlorocyclohexane (HCH), Dichlorodiphenyltrichloroethane (DDT) and Endosulfan have been reported. Residues of Lindane exceeded the Maximum Residual Limit values in 50% of the samples is a cause of serious concern. The p,p'-DDT was detected in 70% of the samples with p,p'-DDE (dichlorodiphenyldichloroethylene) in 80% of the milk samples of different parts of Delhi state. DDD (Dichlorodiphenyldichloroethane) another metabolite of p,p'-DDT was detected in 65% of the milk samples. The analysis indicates that DDT is the major contaminants in different parts of Delhi state. α and β endosulfan were detected in 35% and 40% of the samples analyzed. The statistical correlation shows no significant correlation between chemical compositions of the samples. The presence of multiple chemicals in virtually all samples of buffalo milk raises new questions about the possible toxicological impacts of chemical mixtures on an infant's developing nervous and immune systems and reproductive organs.

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“…Studies on pesticide residues in milk and dairy products are constantly focused on searching for organochlorine pesticides (HECK et al, 2007;KUMAR et al, 2005;NAG;RAIKWAR, 2008), due to its high persistence in the environment and its toxicity. However, the prohibition of its usage in 1985, in Brazil, created the need of searching for its most common replacers, organophosphorus (OPP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Milk contamination by organophosphorus and carbamate residues present in water and animal feedstuff

et al. 2014

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ResumoNo Brasil, as exigências legais quanto ao controle de qualidade do leite cru se restringem à análise microbiológica, físico-química e à pesquisa de antimicrobianos. Contudo, os agrotóxicos podem ser detectados no leite após a exposição dos animais em lactação a esses agentes. O objetivo deste trabalho foi pesquisar a presença de organofosforados (OF) e carbamatos (CB) em amostras de água e de alimentos fornecidos às vacas leiteiras e também no leite produzido por esses animais. Todas as amostras foram analisadas por cromatografia gasosa com um detector de nitrogênio e fósforo (CG-NPD). Das 30 amostras de leite cru analisadas, os resíduos de OF foram detectados em 5 (16,67%), todos abaixo dos limites máximos de resíduos (LMR) determinados pela legislação e não foram detectados resíduos de CB no leite. Os agrotóxicos pesquisados não foram detectados nas amostras de água. Do total de 98 amostras de alimentação animal, foi detectado OF em 28 amostras (28,57%), CB em 18 (18,37%) e ambos em 1 amostra (1,02%). Em 3 propriedades se constatou a contaminação do leite pelos mesmos princípios ativos de OF detectados na alimentação animal. A grande ocorrência de resíduos de agrotóxicos na alimentação animal alerta para ausência de controle na sua produção, podendo essa ser uma importante fonte de contaminação do leite por esses compostos. Palavras-chave: Leite cru, resíduos de agrotóxicos, rebanho leiteiro, contaminação AbstractIn Brazil, the legal requirements regarding the quality control of raw milk are restricted to microbiological, physico-chemical and antimicrobial research. However, pesticides can be detected in milk after exposure of dairy cows to these agents. The present study aimed to search for the presence of organophosphorus (OPP) and carbamate (CB) pesticides in samples of water and feedstuff supplied to dairy cattle and also in the milk produced by these animals. All samples were analyzed by gas chromatography with nitrogen phosphorus detector (GC-NPD). Residues of OPP were detected in 5 (16.67%) out of 30 raw milk samples, all bellow maximum residues limits (MRL). CB residues were not detected in milk. Pesticide residues included in the research were not detected in water samples. Within the 98 samples of the diet's components of the animals analyzed, OPP were detected in 28 (28.57%) samples, CB in 18 (18.37%), while both pesticides were detected in 1 sample (1.02%). In 3 dairy farms it could be noted milk contamination by the same active ingredient of OPP that were detected in animal feed. High levels of animal feed contamination detected in this study raise concerns to the absent control in animal feed production and may represent an important source of milk contamination by these compounds.

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Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in Bovine Milk

Cited by 72 publications

References 16 publications

Dietary Intake of Environmentally Persistent Plaguicides in the European Population

Dietary Intake of Environmentally Persistent Plaguicides in the European Population

Quantification of Organochlorine Pesticide Residues in the Buffalo Milk Samples of Delhi City, India

Milk contamination by organophosphorus and carbamate residues present in water and animal feedstuff

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