Organochlorine insecticides and PCBs in sediments of Lake St. Clair (1970 and 1974) and Lake Erie (1971)

Spatial distributions of polychlorinated biphenyls, polybrominated diphenyl ethers, tetrabromobisphenol A and bisphenol A in Lake Erie sediment

“…S1). This spatial distribution pattern of PCBs was consistent with the results of Lake Erie sediment surveys conducted in 1971 and 1997 (Frank et al, 1977;Marvin et al, 2004a,b). The percentage of tri-chlorinated PCBs in total PCBs was significantly greater (p = 0.0002) in the western basin than the percentage in the central and eastern basins (ESM Fig.…”

“…1). d.w.) and C158 (92 ng/g d.w.) were consistent with the surveys conducted in 1971 (Frank et al, 1977) and 1997 (Marvin et al, 2004a,b), indicating past contributions of historical discharges of PCBs in these areas (e.g., Cuyahoga River close to site C158). Sites C167, C173 and C198 (100, 80 and 72 ng/g d.w., respectively) in the central basin also contained relatively greater Σ 47 PCB concentrations, which is likely due to the greater input of PCB contamination from the western basin.…”

The diversity and distribution of toxigenic Microcystis spp. in present day and archived pelagic and sediment samples from Lake Erie

“…Archived Lake Erie sediment samples were retrieved from controlled storage (dark, 4 8C) at the National Water Research Institute (Burlington, ON). In July of 1971 these sediments were collected as described previously (Frank et al, 1977) (Fig. 1), using a Shipek grab sampler with subsampling of the top 3 cm of the sediment.…”

Spatial Patterns and Rankings of Contaminant Concentrations in Herring Gull Eggs from 15 Sites in the Great Lakes and Connecting Channels, 1998–2002

“…When this approach is applied to chemicals of concern, a multi-site study allows one to identify "hotspots" of chemical contamination within the study area. One of the best early examples of this approach was conducted by Frank et al (1977) in their analysis of sediments in the lower Great Lakes. They identified "hotspots" or areas of elevated concentrations of DDE, PCBs and other chemicals in sediments among the more than 300 locations they sampled.…”