Organochlorine Compounds in Common Carp (Cyprinus carpio) from Patagonia Argentina

Abstract

The Negro River is the most important hydrological system of Patagonia, Argentina, drains a watershed of 140,000 km 2. Its main economic activities are agriculture and industry, representing potential sources of organochlorine compounds (OCCs): organochlorine pesticides (OCPs) and PCBs, respectively. These pollutants are persistent, ubiquitous and hydrophobics and are accumulated in the lipid fraction of biota. Fish are excellent biomonitors of pollution because incorporate COCs from water and through diet, and represent different trophic levels. The aims of the present study were to investigate OCCs levels in wild common carp, Cyprinus carpio (Cyprynidae) focusing on: a) the distribution pattern of OCPs and PCBs in gills, gonads, liver, muscle, and stomach content, b) the potential of common carp as indicator of aquatic OCCs pollution, and c) the evaluation of residues in gills and stomach content to discuss different input pathways of OCCs. HCHs, Chlordanes, DDTs, Endosulfan, Heptachlors, Drines and PCBs were quantified by GC-ECD. The distribution of OCCs (ng.g-1 lipid) was gills> gonads> liver> muscle> stomach content. Endosulfan accounted for 64% of OCCs in gills while, DDTs, PCBs and Chlordanes predominated in the stomach content suggesting the incorporation of more hydrophilic pollutants from the water column and those most persistent and hydrophobic from the diet.

Organochlorines in Chrysichthys nigrodigitatus and Liza grandisquamis from Lagos Lagoon and Agboyi Creek, Nigeria

“…Gills accumulated much organochlorines than other organs in the fishes analysed. The levels of endosulfan and endosulfan sulphate were particularly high in the gills, confirming earlier studies [24]. However, the residue levels in the gills were reduced during the wet season, especially at Agboyi Creek due to dilution effect.…”

Distribution of polychlorinated biphenyl residues in several tissues of fish from the North End Lake, Port Elizabeth, South Africa

“…However, no studies have been done on organs of fish in the region (South Africa) for comparison. Recent studies have been conducted, in other countries on tissue-specific PCB distribution in fish (Monosson et al, 2003;Bodiguel et al, 2009;Ondarza et al, 2010;Wang et al, 2010;Brázová et al, 2012;Lavandier et al, 2013). The levels of PCBs detected in organs of fish in the present study were compared with these studies (Table 4).…”

“…Wang et al (2010) measured total PCBs in muscle, gonads and liver of C. ursinus and found higher levels than that detected in the present study. Ondarza et al (2010) reported PCB levels (for the same species, C. carpio) but results were expressed on wet weight. Brázová et al (2012) conducted a study on predatory and non-predatory fish and reported PCB concentrations 3 orders of magnitude greater than the present study.…”

The response of thyroid hormones, biochemical and enzymological biomarkers to pyrene exposure in common carp (Cyprinus carpio)

“…Due to its bottom-dwelling behavior (which may make it more susceptible to sediment-associated chemical pollution such as PAHs), worldwide distribution, ease of sampling in the field and adaptation to laboratory conditions, common carp may serve as an excellent sentinel species for environmental monitoring, and for the baseline assessment of emerging pollutants (Ondarza et al, 2010;Ye et al, 2008).…”