Organocatalyzed C−N bond‐forming Reactions for the Synthesis of Amines and Amides

Abstract

The synthesis of organonitrogen compounds via CÀ N bond formation emerges as a versatile route for drug discovery. Most of the pharmaceuticals and natural products, which are predominantly used generally contain amine functionalities and amide linkages in their structure. Traditionally, the synthesis is done by using several metal catalysts and hazardous chemicals. The organocatalyzed synthetic protocol provides a sustainable and eco-compatible route for the synthesis of organonitrogen compounds and at the same time also avoids metal contamination. The main aim of this Review is to provide an overview of the organocatalyzed amine and amide synthesis via CÀ N bond formation reactions. We hope this Review provides valuable information about the organocatalyzed reaction to enable the development of more sustainable routes to form these linkages.

Metal–organic framework (MOF)-, covalent-organic framework (COF)-, and porous-organic polymers (POP)-catalyzed selective C–H bond activation and functionalization reactions

“…COFs can be categorized according to the nature of their linkages prominently into boroxine-and boronate ester-, 42,[211][212][213][214][215][216][217][218] imine-, hydrazone and azine-, [240][241][242][243][244][245][246][247][248][249][250] amide-, 233,251,252 C(sp 3 )-N-, [253][254][255][256][257] cyanovinylene-, 258 and olefin-linked COFs. [259][260][261][262][263][264][265][266][267] A special case of organic porous materials is covalent triazine frameworks (CTFs), which are usually amorphous, and therefore not commonly considered COFs.…”

Recent Progress in Transition-Metal-Catalyzed Asymmetric Reductive Amination

“…Further classification is done on the basis of the nature of the metal center in the catalysts. ARA methodologies employing organocatalyts − and biocatalysts ,− are beyond the scope of this Review.…”

Electrophilic Aminating Agents in Total Synthesis

“…[2] As a result, the development of new synthetic methodologies for the construction of C−N bonds is of paramount importance. [ 3 , 4 ] In recent years, significant advances in this area have been made in the fields of photoredox catalysis,[ 5 , 6 , 7 ] organocatalysis[ 8 , 9 , 10 ] and transition‐metal catalysis. [ 11 , 12 ] Nevertheless, the most commonly utilized methods in total synthesis remain substitution reactions, reductive amination,[ 13 , 14 ] and transition‐metal‐catalyzed C–N cross‐coupling reactions.…”