“…Nevertheless, there have been several initiatives and collective attempts in many countries including the joining of existing bigger unions as well as autonomous campaigning and strikes. These have occurred both in the US where the adjunctification of academia is most advanced (Gilbert, 2013;Atkins, Esparza, Milkman & Moran, 2018) and in European countries (European Trade Union Committee for Education, 2018; Gallas, 2018;Martinez, 2018;Precademics, 2019). Campaigns included a wide range of issues and repertoires of action including struggles of recognition of academic and employee status, informing colleagues and the wider public about prevailing conditions, symbolic protests and sit-ins and articulating sets of demands to university and state authorities.…”