Organizational Structure, Policy Learning, and Economic Performance: Evidence from the Chinese Commune

Abstract

Using original county-level panel data on Chinese communes over two decades, 1958 to 1979, this article builds upon existing theories about the influence of organizational size and structure on institutional performance. We found a consistent and robust interaction effect among the size of the commune (i.e., the coordination level) and its subunits, the brigade (i.e., the supervisory level) and production teams (i.e., the working level), on agricultural productivity. Future work on the relationship between organizational performance and size would likely benefit from including such interaction variables. We also provide evidence that to create a more productive institution, county-level officials learned from their most productive neighbors and adjusted the size of their communes accordingly. This work explains the role of organizational structure as a driver of economic performance and how policy diffusion occurred during China's Maoist era-a period generally treated as a monolith rather than a period of institutional change.

The Collectivist Legacy and Agrarian Development in China since 1978

“…2018; Eisenman and Yang, 2018) confirm that the overall record of rural collectives was quite successful, especially in the 1970s. 4.…”

“…As Zeng and Eisenman (2018: 258) show, the Anti-Rightist Campaign (1957–1958) and the subsequent Great Leap Forward both negatively affected educational attainment and economic productivity until at least the year 2000. However, Eisenman’s other works (Eisenman, 2018; Eisenman and Yang, 2018) confirm that the overall record of rural collectives was quite successful, especially in the 1970s.…”

“…Furthermore, although labor supervision problems continued throughout the Mao era, the existing research documents successful cases of tackling such issues. For instance, Eisenman and Yang (2018) show that county administrations in Henan province adjusted the size of communes and production teams between 1962 and 1966 in order to take advantage of the economies of scale while mitigating the free-rider problem, resulting in improved productivity.…”