Organised crime, occupations and opportunity

Kleemans, E.R.; Bunt, van de H.G.

doi:10.1080/17440570802254254

Cited by 59 publications

(57 citation statements)

References 3 publications

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“…3 The average production costs of an XTC-tablet amount to 56 Eurocents, while average selling prices in the Netherlands amount to 3.49 Euro. Selling prices are much higher in many other European countries, particularly in Norway and Italy (about 20 Euro per XTC-tablet), in most American cities and states (20)(21)(22)(23)(24)(25)(26)(27)(28)(29)(30), in Australia and New Zealand (about 30 Euro) and in Japan (25-50 Euro) ( [26], 75-87).…”

Section: Background: Human Smuggling Versus Synthetic Drugs and Precumentioning

confidence: 99%

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Chinese organized crime and situational context: comparing human smuggling and synthetic drugs trafficking

Soudijn

Kleemans

2009

Crime Law Soc Change

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This article criticizes the 'ethnic' conception of organized crime and puts forward an alternative view that does not put ethnicity first, but rather social networks and situational context. It focuses upon Chinese organized crime, a phenomenon where the preoccupation with ethnicity is paramount, and compares findings from extensive research into two different transnational criminal activities that are carried out by Chinese offenders in the Netherlands. The first topic, human smuggling, is well researched, whereas research into the second topic, trafficking in precursors (the basic ingredients for the production of synthetic drugs), is largely lacking. The article highlights the major theoretical and empirical similarities and differences between these two criminal activities and discusses the relevance of the main findings for theory and research.

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Section: Background: Human Smuggling Versus Synthetic Drugs and Precumentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Each type of crime imposes different requirements and can be analyzed from a situational perspective (e.g. [8,10,11,25,37]). Different types of crime might be favorable to different kinds of criminal cooperation, as well as to the involvement of different ethnic groups or different nationalities.…”

Section: Theoretical Frameworkmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chinese organized crime and situational context: comparing human smuggling and synthetic drugs trafficking

Soudijn

Kleemans

2009

Crime Law Soc Change

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“…As mentioned earlier, payments to individuals involved in match-fixing were recorded under the club accounts as the repayments of the club's personal borrowings from the Vice-President. The case of match-fixing in Turkey offers yet another example of how legitimate businesses provide for a very convenient (and already existing) setting for criminal finances management (see Kleemans and Van de Bunt 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

An anatomy of Turkish football match-fixing

2018

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While discussion on corruption in sport is intensifying and football match-fixing in particular is attracting increasing attention, new fixing scandals emerge offering new accounts of actors and corrupt practices within the football industry and the level of the external threat to the sport. The scandal exposure of fixed matches in Turkey in 2011 sheds light on the fixing of 17 matches played in the 2010/11 football season and allowed for insights to the actors, structure and processes behind the fix. Following four criminal and seven disciplinary proceedings, the case is still pending appeal for its final decision, involving a total of 93 suspects and having already resulted in the exclusion of two teams from European competitions. The evidence collected by the authorities points towards a hierarchical criminal organisation led by the President of a football club that arranged and coordinated the fixing in order for his team to win the national Championship. The aim of this article is to provide an account of the organisation and coordination of match-fixing in Turkey, with its actors, specifics and criminal characteristics, while offering an examination of matchfixing for sporting success, the least documented type of match-fixing.

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“…As argued by scholars (Broadhurst et al, 2014;Kleemans and van de Bunt, 2008;Kleemans and de Poot, 2008;Van Duyne, 2000;Makarenko, 2004), the motivation behind 'careers' in organised crimes (especially in trafficking activities and in organised forms of cyber crime) can be the most varied involving quests for power, control, sexual gratification, desire for notoriety and political ideology. Research in the country over the past two-three decades shows how organised crimes can include a variety of offences that can differ in seriousness (Edwards and Levi, 2008;Campbell, 2014).…”

Section: Participation In Organised Crime Activities: Assumptions Andmentioning

confidence: 99%

National Security vs Criminal law. Perspectives, Doubts and Concerns on the Criminalisation of Organised Crime in England and Wales

Sergi

2016

Eur J Crim Policy Res

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National security vs criminal law. Perspectives, doubts and concerns on the criminalisation of organised crime in England and Wales. Abstract:This paper will interpret and critically analyse the new offence for organised crime in England and Wales (Section 45 of the Serious Crime Act 2015) from a criminological perspective in light of evidence found in research in the country. It will argue that changes in the law relate to changes in political narratives rather than to variations in the criminal panorama of organised crime. It will discuss these changes within three perspectives, which address various levels of concern: a narrative perspective, which reflects on the overlapping of meanings in the use of the words 'organised crime'; an evolution perspective, which reflects on the origins of the new participation offences with reference to both national and international pressures; a management perspective, which reflects on some of the immediate effects of the new offences of organised crime on the criminal justice system. This paper will conclude that political narratives have indeed influenced criminal policy, while there is no significant change in the phenomenon of organised crime to justify such narratives.

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Organised crime, occupations and opportunity

Cited by 59 publications

References 3 publications

Chinese organized crime and situational context: comparing human smuggling and synthetic drugs trafficking

Chinese organized crime and situational context: comparing human smuggling and synthetic drugs trafficking

An anatomy of Turkish football match-fixing

National Security vs Criminal law. Perspectives, Doubts and Concerns on the Criminalisation of Organised Crime in England and Wales

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