Organics removal from shale gas wastewater by pre-oxidation combined with biologically active filtration

Membrane Bioreactor Pretreatment of High-Salinity O&G Produced Water

“…Both Roseovarius and Iodidimonas have been reported/isolated from PWs/hydrocarbon-contaminated environments from around the world; however, experimental evidence for hydrocarbon degradation by Roseovarius and Iodidimonas isolates is not available. − Isolates belonging to these genera have salinity tolerance in the range of 5–100 g/L. , Roseovarius and Iodidimonas have been identified as iodide oxidizing bacteria (IOB) because they can produce iodine from iodide in the presence of oxygen. , A wide range of salt tolerance, coupled with the reported bactericidal properties of iodine, may allow these genera to colonize the reactor first by inhibiting susceptible bacteria , Members of genus Methylophaga are primarily known for the metabolism of C1 compounds; however, one isolate has been reported to degrade alkanes ( n -hexadecane). , …”

“…9 Rehaibacterium is a newly described genus with one reported isolate so far, but a recent study correlated this genus with DOC removal in a BAF treating PW from Sichuan Basin, China. 55,56 Members of genus Methylophaga are primarily known for metabolism of C1 compounds; however, one isolate has been reported to degrade alkanes (n-hexadecane). 57, 58 As the salinity of the feed was further increased beyond TDS of 80 g/L, there was an increase in diversity, which coincided with an increase in abundance of other genera, including Marinobacter, Malaciobacter, and Marinobacterium.…”

Towards improved characterization of the fate and impact of hydraulic fracturing chemicals to better secure regional water quality

“…On the other hand, AOPs could be introduced as a pretreatment method and combined with other treatment techniques such as bioactive filtration to obtain higher removal efficiencies for dissolved organic contaminants in HF wastewaters. 46 Given that removal of different organic contaminants from wastewater is technically challenging, evaluation of different wastewater treatment strategies should be well guided by compound specific chemical analysis. Moreover, a combination of different water treatment techniques would be beneficial for an organic-contaminant targeted wastewater treatment strategy.…”

Safety and Technical Feasibility of Sustainable Reuse of Shale Gas Flowback and Produced Water after Advanced Treatment Aimed at Wheat Irrigation

“…After the completion of the hydraulic fracturing stage in shale gas operations, wastewater mainly returns to the surface as flowback water (the initial water that is recovered with shale gas) and produced water mostly comprising the natural deep formation water. − Therefore, FPW usually contains high concentrations of total dissolved solids (TDS), organic matter (dissolved organic carbon; DOC), metals, hydrocarbons and other volatile compounds, some synthetic organic chemical additives, as well as some naturally occurring radioactive materials that may be present in the formation. − In recent years, the option of applying FPW directly or indirectly for agricultural irrigation has become a focus of growing discussion. , Small amounts of organic matter and micronutrient elements in municipal sewage and industrial wastewaters, at times also including rare earth elements (e.g., Ce), have been shown to promote the growth of some algae strains or higher plants under certain circumstances. − On the other hand, the salinity, alkalinity, and ionic composition of oilfield-produced water may significantly hinder its reuse in agriculture since these characteristics can cause nutrient imbalances, as well as osmotic and specific ion stress, in plant cells. , Methods of reusing produced water with minimal TDS treatment or upon dilution with freshwater for farmland irrigation are currently being applied in Kern County (California), but the complexity of FPW components can result in detrimental effects on humans and ecosystems …”