Organic solvent free preparation of porous scaffolds based on the phase morphology control using supercritical CO2

Three-dimensional cell cultivation systems

“…Most production methods include applying heat and/or pressure to the polymer or its dissolving in an organic solvent to impart the material of a required shape. For the manufacture of scaffolds, the solution casting [33], leaching [34], electromolding [35] and 3D printing [36] technologies are used.…”

The distribution of electrospun polylactic acid in polycaprolactone matrix controlled by traction rate and its effect on the foamed porous tissue engineering scaffolds

“…[5] However, the low modulus of PCL leads to easy collapse of cells and low porosity of its foaming materials, [6] which is not conducive to its application in the field of tissue engineering scaffolds. At present, physical expansion, [7][8][9] adding poreforming agent, [10][11][12] blending with PLA and then etching PLA, [13,14] adding nanoparticles [15][16][17][18][19][20][21] and other methods were used to solve the above problems. Fiber reinforcement modification is a simple and effective means to improve material properties and optimize material structure.…”

Biodegradable highly porous interconnected poly(ε‐caprolactone)/poly(L‐lactide‐co‐ε‐caprolactone) scaffolds by supercritical foaming for small‐diameter vascular tissue engineering

“…Since expansion force of CO 2 is too small to overcome the strength of the polymer matrix, low interconnectivity among pores is easily obtained. 15 Various approaches have been exploited to improve the open-cell content of pores, including heterogeneous melt structure, [16][17][18] homogeneous melt rupture, 19 particle leaching, 20,21 ultrasound treatment, 22 and co-continuous blend. 23 The immiscible nature of the hard/soft blends can lead to open-cell porous structures formation by creating debonding points within the cells walls and struts.…”