Organic Pollutants in Water Using DSA Electrodes, In-Cell Mediated (via Active Chlorine) Electrochemical Oxidation

“…The most common reaction pathways for the electrochemical reaction of halogen ions and their compounds in aqueous solution and at the surface of electrodes are proposed by many researchers (Kraft, 2008;Radjenovic and Sedlak, 2015;Katsaounis and Souentie, 2014;Exner et al, 2016;Exner et al, 2018). These halogen ions have several oxidation states based on existence in their compounds.…”

Section: Mechanisms Of Reduction Of Chlorinated Compoundsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Chlorine and Chlorinated Compounds Removal from Industrial Wastewater Discharges: A Review

Al-Hwaiti

Aziz

Ahmad

et al. 2021

CMUJNS

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Adsorption techniques for industrial wastewater treatment rich in heavy metals and aqueous solutions of water-soluble such as Cl−, F−, HCO3−, NO3−, SO2−4, and PO3−, often include technologies for toxicity removals. The recent advancement and technical applicability in the treatment of chlorine and chlorinated compounds from industrial wastewater are reviewed in this article. Chlorine and chlorinated compounds are among the common discharged constituents from numerous industries. They can be carcinogenic or naturally toxic and can pose issues to aquatic ecosystems and human beings. Thus, elimination of chlorides and chlorinated compounds from water or wastewater is inevitable to get rid of the problem. Several techniques are being applied for the reduction of chlorine and chlorinated compounds in water. These include biodegradation, photochemical, adsorption, chemical, electrochemical, photo-electrochemical, membrane, supercritical extraction and catalytic method. Chlorine can react with various organic and inorganic micro-pollutants. However, the potential reactivity of chlorine for specific compounds is small, and only minor variations in the structure of the parent compound are anticipated in the water treatment process under typical conditions. This paper reviews different techniques and aspects related to chlorine removal, the types of chlorine species in solution and their catalyst, chlorine fate and transport into the environment, electrochemical techniques for de-chlorination of water, kinetics, mechanisms of reduction of chlorinated compounds, and kinetics of the electrochemical reaction of chlorine compounds. Keywords: Industrial waste, Kinetics, Wastewater, Water purification

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“…Iridium oxide has been one of the primary catalysts for DSAs, owing to the supreme activities for OER and ClER as well as stability in acidic environment to guarantee an extended service life. 6,33 In selected conditions, IrO x presents a service life about 20 times longer than that of the equivalent RuO 2 during OER. 34 Nevertheless, the presence of chloride ions is necessary to reduce the SEC for electrochemical oxidation with the IrO 2 anode.…”

Section: Mo X (•Oh)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Effects of Anode Materials and Chloride Ions on Current Efficiency of Electrochemical Oxidation of Carbohydrate Compounds

Chung

Lee

Hong

et al. 2019

J. Electrochem. Soc.

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This study interrogated IrO 2 , RuO 2 , IrRuO 2 , Pt, and boron doped diamond for electrochemical oxidation of alginic acid and glucose. Linear sweep voltammetry estimated onset potential of oxygen evolution reaction from 1.03 to 2.60 V NHE in an inverse relation with the current efficiency of free chlorine generation in NaCl solutions, while further oxidation of free chlorine (chlorate ion generation) underestimated the current efficiency on Pt and boron doped diamond. Electrochemical oxidation experiments at 50 mA cm −2 confirmed the free chlorine to be the primary oxidant for chemical oxygen demand degradation on the dimensionally stable anodes since the current efficiency of free chlorine generation (25-35%) was comparable with the current efficiency of chemical oxygen demand degradation. The ClO 3 − generation on Pt was retarded in alginic acid degradation, but effective during glucose degradation due to different reactivity with free chlorine. For boron doped diamond, direct and •OH mediated oxidation were significant (11% for alginic acid and 22% for glucose) and competition among organic pollutants, Cl − , and free chlorine for •OH determined the current efficiency of organic compounds degradation. In a saline water, IrO 2 anode was the most energy-efficient (specific energy consumption for alginic acid: 48 Wh gCOD −1 ) with minimal formation of ClO 3 − .

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Organic Pollutants in Water Using DSA Electrodes, In-Cell Mediated (via Active Chlorine) Electrochemical Oxidation

Cited by 6 publications

References 52 publications

Bioelectronic Approaches for On-Demand Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Bioelectronic Approaches for On-Demand Generation of Reactive Oxygen Species

Chlorine and Chlorinated Compounds Removal from Industrial Wastewater Discharges: A Review

Effects of Anode Materials and Chloride Ions on Current Efficiency of Electrochemical Oxidation of Carbohydrate Compounds

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