Organic nitrogen in precipitation at the mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast—methods evaluation and preliminary measurements

Scudlark, Joseph R.; Russell, Kristina M.; Galloway, James N.; Church, Thomas M.; Keene, W. C.

doi:10.1016/s1352-2310(97)00458-5

Cited by 93 publications

(72 citation statements)

References 33 publications

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“…The agreement with other load studies however supports the assumption that the δ 15 N tot values found are representative for atmospheric nitrogen deposition on the Baltic Proper. The organic component of nitrogen in atmospheric deposition has been little studied, but in some areas it has been shown to constitute a substantial proportion of total deposition (Peierls and Paerl, 1997;Russell et al, 1998;Scudlark et al, 1998). The results in this study showed that for the Baltic Proper organic nitrogen was a small component, constituting on average 7-10% of total deposition.…”

Section: Nutrient Loadsmentioning

confidence: 62%

“…Ahn, 1998;Ahn and James, 1999;Herut et al, 1999;Morales et al, 2001;Pollman et al, 2002;Markaki et al, 2003;Koelliker et al, 2004). We also studied the organic component of atmospheric deposition for both nitrogen and phosphorus, since the organic portion has been suggested to be 20-30% of total nitrogen deposition and to be potentially important in coastal eutrophication (Peierls and Paerl, 1997;Scudlark et al, 1998). In this study the deposition of total nitrogen, nitrate, ammonium, total phosphorus and phosphate was measured monthly at four stations during 15 months.…”

Section: Atmospheric Phosphorus Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

2008

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Abstract. Atmospheric deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the central Baltic Sea (Baltic Proper) was estimated monthly at two coastal stations and two isolated islands in 2001 and 2002. Yearly nitrogen deposition ranged between 387 and 727 mg N m −2 yr −1 (average ∼617) and was composed of ∼10% organic N and approximately equal amounts of ammonium and nitrate. Winter nitrate peaks at the isolated islands possibly indicated ship emissions. Load weighted δ 15 N of deposited N was 3.7‰ and 0.35‰ at the coastal stations and the isolated islands respectively. Winter δ 15 N was ∼3‰ lighter than in summer, reflecting winter dominance of nitrate. The light isotopic composition of deposited nitrogen may cause overestimates of nitrogen fixation in basinwide isotopic budgeting, whereas relatively heavy deposition of ammonium during summer instead may cause underestimates of fixation in budgets of the upper mixed layer. δ 15 N in atmospherically deposited nitrate and ammonium was estimated by regression to −7.9 and 13.5‰ respectively. Phosphorus deposition showed no clear seasonal pattern and was considerably lower at the isolated islands. Organic P constituted 20-40% of annual P deposition. P deposition is unlikely to be a major source for cyanobacterial blooms but may potentially prolong an ongoing bloom.

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Section: Nutrient Loadsmentioning

confidence: 62%

Section: Atmospheric Phosphorus Depositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

2008

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“…Samples were filtered through a 0.2 µm pore-size inorganic membrane filter (Whatman, Anotop 10 IC) before chemical analysis. The main digestion methods available and in current use for total nitrogen determination in aqueous samples are: Kjeldahl digestion (Doval et al, 1997, Nozawa et al, 2005, Yasuhara and Nokihara, 2001, alkaline persulphate oxidation (Cape et al, 2001, Cornell et al, 2003, Scudlark et al, 1998 and high-temperature catalytic oxidation (Cape et al, 2001, Cornell et al, 2003, Keene et al, 2002.…”

Section: Published In Atmospheric Environment 43 (2009) 4087-4094mentioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet, dry and bulk deposition

Benítez

Cape

Heal

et al. 2009

Atmospheric Environment

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Water soluble organic nitrogen (WSON) compounds are ubiquitous in precipitation and in the planetary boundary layer, and therefore are a potential source of bioavailable reactive nitrogen. This paper examines weekly rain data over a period of 22 months from June 2005 to March 2007 collected in 2 types of rain collector (bulk deposition and "dry+wet" deposition) located in a semi-rural area 15 km southwest of Edinburgh, UK (N 55°51′44″, W 3°12′19″). Bulk deposition collectors are denoted in this paper as "standard rain gauges", and they are the design used in the UK national network for monitoring precipitation composition. "Dry+wet" deposition collectors are flushing rain gauges and they are equipped with a rain detector (conductivity array), a spray nozzle, a 2-way valve and two independent bottles to collect funnel washings (dry deposition) and true wet deposition. On average, for the 27 weekly samples with 3 valid replicates for the 2 types of collectors, dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) represented 23% of the total dissolved nitrogen (TDN) in bulk deposition. Dry deposition of particles and gas on the funnel surface, rather than rain, contributed over half of all N-containing species (inorganic and organic). Some discrepancies were found between bulk rain gauges and flushing rain gauges, for deposition of both TDN and DON, suggesting biological conversion and loss of inorganic N in the flushing samplers.

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“…However, most studies have considered only atmospheric DIN inputs. Those studies that included both DIN and DON (Cornell et al 1995;Nixon et al 1995;Valiela et al 1997;Scudlark et al 1998) did not assess how much of the DON was biologically available. The current study suggests that development of biologically available N budgets for ecosystems requires measurements of both inorganic N deposition and that component of organic N deposition that is bioavailable.…”

Section: Atmospheric Inputs Of Dissolved Organic Nitrogen Stimulate Ementioning

confidence: 99%

Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen stimulate estuarine bacteria and phytoplankton

Seitzinger

Sanders

1999

Limnology & Oceanography

193

122

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Atmospheric deposition is recognized as a potentially large source of inorganic nutrients to many ecosystems. In marine systems, where nitrogen (N) is the nutrient typically limiting phytoplankton growth, rainwater is often a significant source of N. Although a considerable portion of atmospheric N deposition is in the form of organic N, only the inorganic N in rainwater has been considered by most previous studies. Laboratory experiments presented here indicate that dissolved organic nitrogen (DON) from rainwater can stimulate productivity of coastal marine bacteria and phytoplankton. A large percent of rainwater DON was potentially biologically available; 45–75% was rapidly utilized by the microorganisms. The magnitude of the response of bacterial and phytoplankton biomass to equivalent amounts of DON‐N or ammonium‐N was similar. However, the community composition of phytoplankton at the end of the experiment differed in treatments receiving DON and inorganic N. Diatoms and dinoflagellates accounted for >90% of the phytoplankton biomass in treatments receiving rainwater DON. In contrast, small (≪2 μm) monads accounted for >85% of the biomass in the treatments receiving ammonium. The results indicate that DON in rainwater can be an important source of N to ecosystems.

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Organic nitrogen in precipitation at the mid-Atlantic U.S. Coast—methods evaluation and preliminary measurements

Cited by 93 publications

References 33 publications

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

Deposition of nitrogen and phosphorus on the Baltic Sea: seasonal patterns and nitrogen isotope composition

Atmospheric nitrogen deposition in south-east Scotland: Quantification of the organic nitrogen fraction in wet, dry and bulk deposition

Atmospheric inputs of dissolved organic nitrogen stimulate estuarine bacteria and phytoplankton

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