Organic Geochemistry of Upper JurassicCretaceous Sediments from Site 511, Leg 71, Western South Atlantic

Deroo, G.; Herbin, J. P.; Roucache, J.

doi:10.2973/dsdp.proc.71.137.1983

“…Sites with rocks spanning the J/K boundary have been targeted by the International Ocean Discovery Program (IODP) (and earlier incarnations). This program has included sites in (i) the Indian Ocean (Brown, 1992;Gradstein et al, 1992;Kaminski, Gradstein & Geroch, 1992), with evidence for a cooler water regime; (ii) the Pacific Ocean, which is thought to have had a stable circulatory regime (Matsuoka, 1992;Ogg, Karl & Behl, 1992); and (iii) the Atlantic Ocean with a distinct North-South salinity gradient (Deroo, Herbin & Roucaché, 1983;Kotova, 1983;Gradstein et al, 1992). In the Late Jurassic, western Tethys and Atlantic ecosystems were fuelled by a high-nutrient flux, leading to high levels of phytoplankton and radiolarites, possibly driven by shifting circulatory regimes as continental configurations changed (Baumgartner, 1987;Weissert & Mohr, 1996;Danelian & Johnson, 2001).…”

Section: Environmental Changes During the Late Jurassic-early Crementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Tennant

¹

,

Mannion

²

,

Upchurch

³

et al. 2016

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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“…Biological Reviews published by John Wiley & Sons Ltd on behalf of Cambridge Philosophical Society. regime (Matsuoka, 1992;Ogg, Karl & Behl, 1992); and (iii) the Atlantic Ocean with a distinct North-South salinity gradient (Deroo, Herbin & Roucaché, 1983;Kotova, 1983;Gradstein et al, 1992). In the Late Jurassic, western Tethys and Atlantic ecosystems were fuelled by a high-nutrient flux, leading to high levels of phytoplankton and radiolarites, possibly driven by shifting circulatory regimes as continental configurations changed (Baumgartner, 1987;Weissert & Mohr, 1996;Danelian & Johnson, 2001).…”

Section: Environmental Changes During the Late Jurassic-early Crementioning

confidence: 99%

Biotic and environmental dynamics through the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Mannion¹,

Upchurch²,

Sutton³

et al. 2018

Preprint

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The Late Jurassic to Early Cretaceous interval represents a time of environmental upheaval and cataclysmic events, combined with disruptions to terrestrial and marine ecosystems. Historically, the Jurassic/Cretaceous (J/K) boundary was classified as one of eight mass extinctions. However, more recent research has largely overturned this view, revealing a much more complex pattern of biotic and abiotic dynamics than has previously been appreciated. Here, we present a synthesis of our current knowledge of Late Jurassic-Early Cretaceous events, focusing particularly on events closest to the J/K boundary. We find evidence for a combination of short-term catastrophic events, large-scale tectonic processes and environmental perturbations, and major clade interactions that led to a seemingly dramatic faunal and ecological turnover in both the marine and terrestrial realms. This is coupled with a great reduction in global biodiversity which might in part be explained by poor sampling. Very few groups appear to have been entirely resilient to this J/K boundary 'event', which hints at a 'cascade model' of ecosystem changes driving faunal dynamics. Within terrestrial ecosystems, larger, more-specialised organisms, such as saurischian dinosaurs, appear to have suffered the most. Medium-sized tetanuran theropods declined, and were replaced by larger-bodied groups, and basal eusauropods were replaced by neosauropod faunas. The ascent of paravian theropods is emphasised by escalated competition with contemporary pterosaur groups, culminating in the explosive radiation of birds, although the timing of this is obfuscated by biases in sampling. Smaller, more ecologically diverse terrestrial non-archosaurs, such as lissamphibians and mammaliaforms, were comparatively resilient to extinctions, instead documenting the origination of many extant groups around the J/K boundary. In the marine realm, extinctions were focused on low-latitude, shallow marine shelf-dwelling faunas, corresponding to a significant eustatic sea-level fall in the latest Jurassic. More mobile and ecologically plastic marine groups, such as ichthyosaurs, survived the boundary relatively unscathed. High rates of extinction and turnover in other macropredaceous marine groups, including plesiosaurs, are accompanied by the origin of most major lineages of extant sharks. Groups which occupied both marine and terrestrial ecosystems, including crocodylomorphs, document a selective extinction in shallow marine forms, whereas turtles appear to have diversified. These patterns suggest that different extinction selectivity and ecological processes were operating between marine and terrestrial ecosystems, which were ultimately important in determining the fates of many key groups, as well as the origins of many major extant lineages. We identify a series of potential abiotic candidates for driving these patterns, including multiple bolide impacts, several episodes of flood basalt eruptions, dramatic climate change, and major disruptions to oceanic systems. The J/K t...

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“…Tissot et al (1974) compiled analytical data on Cretaceous "black shales" at nine DSDP sites in the Atlantic Ocean. Herbin et al (1984) and Deroo et al (1983) added data for two fur ther sites. By visual examination of their diagrams and tables the following approximate comparisons can be made with the section at Site 692 (Table 9).…”

Section: Petroleum Potentialmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sites 691 and 692

Barker¹,

Kennett²

1988

Proceedings of the Ocean Drilling Program

4

0

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Organic Geochemistry of Upper JurassicCretaceous Sediments from Site 511, Leg 71, Western South Atlantic

Abstract: Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments 435 m thick were drilled at Site 511, in the basin province of the Falkland Plateau, during DSDP Leg 71.

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biotic and environmental dynamics through the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Sites 691 and 692

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Organic Geochemistry of Upper JurassicCretaceous Sediments from Site 511, Leg 71, Western South Atlantic

Abstract: Cretaceous and Jurassic sediments 435 m thick were drilled at Site 511, in the basin province of the Falkland Plateau, during DSDP Leg 71.

Cited by 22 publications

References 5 publications

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biotic and environmental dynamics through theLateJurassic–EarlyCretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Biotic and environmental dynamics through the Late Jurassic–Early Cretaceous transition: evidence for protracted faunal and ecological turnover

Sites 691 and 692

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About

Organic Geochemistry of Upper JurassicCretaceous Sediments from Site 511, Leg 71, Western South Atlantic