Organic geochemical characteristics of black shales across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland

Mustafa, Karwan A.; Sephton, Mark A.; Watson, Jonathan S.; Spathopoulos, Fivos; Krzywiec, Piotr

doi:10.1016/j.marpetgeo.2015.08.018

Cited by 32 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 59 publications

(68 reference statements)

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“…Low Pr/Ph values reflect suboxic environments, deep water and marine inputs 19,30 . The Pr/Ph values of the samples found at depths of 40–661.28 meters in the Chaiye 2 well tended to increase with increasing sample depth (Fig.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The CPI values of the n-alkanes 30 , the sterane isomerization parameters C 29 αα20S/(20S + 20R) and C 29 ββ/(ββ + αα) 40 , the hopane parameters C 31 ααα22S/(22S + 22R) and Ts/(Ts + Tm) 40 , the methylphenanthrene index (MPI) and the equivalent vitrinite reflectance (Rc) 18 are considered effective maturity indicators.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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The origin, type and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter in a marine-continental transitional facies shale succession (Qaidam Basin, China)

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Shu-fang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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This organic-rich shale was analyzed to determine the type, origin, maturity and depositional environment of the organic matter and to evaluate the hydrocarbon generation potential of the shale. This study is based on geochemical (total carbon content, Rock-Eval pyrolysis and the molecular composition of hydrocarbons) and whole-rock petrographic (maceral composition) analyses. The petrographic analyses show that the shale penetrated by the Chaiye 2 well contains large amounts of vitrinite and sapropelinite and that the organic matter within these rocks is type III and highly mature. The geochemical analyses show that these rocks are characterized by high total organic carbon contents and that the organic matter is derived from a mix of terrestrial and marine sources and highly mature. These geochemical characteristics are consistent with the results of the petrographic analyses. The large amounts of organic matter in the Carboniferous shale succession penetrated by the Chaiye 2 well may be due to good preservation under hypersaline lacustrine and anoxic marine conditions. Consequently, the studied shale possesses very good hydrocarbon generation potential because of the presence of large amounts of highly mature type III organic matter.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

The origin, type and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter in a marine-continental transitional facies shale succession (Qaidam Basin, China)

Wang¹,

Sun²,

Shu-fang

et al. 2018

Sci Rep

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“…A full lithological de scrip tion of both sec tions (Bardo Stawy and Zalesie Nowe) is pre sented in Masiak et al (2003) and Mustafa et al (2015). The li thol ogy and lithostratigraphy of the Lower Si lu rian de pos its in the Bardo Stawy sec tion was presented by Trela and Salwa (2007).…”

Section: Ma£opolska Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…9 in the Bardo Stawy sec tion. De tailed de scrip tion of the Zalesie Nowe sec tion is pub lished in Masiak et al (2003) and Mustafa et al (2015).…”

Section: Ma£opolska Blockmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Microphytoplankton from middle palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere – a record from climate change strata of Baltica’s O/S boundary

Masiak¹,

Stempień-Sałek²,

Podhalańska

2020

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3 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Masiak, M., Stempieñ-Sa³ek, M., Podhalañska, T., 2020. Microphytoplankton from mid dle palaeolatitudes of the South ern Hemi sphere -a re cord from cli mate change strata of Baltica's O/S bound ary. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 64 (1): 86-103, doi: 10.7306/gq.1518In the pres ent study, data on the di ver sity of acritarch and prasinophyte microphytoplankton were col lected from Or do vician-Si lu rian tran si tional strata at three dif fer ent geo log i cal lo cal i ties in Po land: south ern part of the Holy Cross Moun tains (Ma³opolska Block, south ern Po land), East Eu ro pean Plat form (Baltica), and Koszalin-Chojnice Zone (NW Po land). The mate rial rep re sents the mucronata (tri lo bite) to vesiculosus (graptolite) biozones. The Or do vi cian microphytoplankton as semblages are char ac ter ized by low fre quency and low di ver sity: up to 110 spec i mens and 12 gen era per slide, in con trast to Si lu rian ones that are more fre quent and more di verse ->3000 spec i mens and 16 gen era per slide (di ver sity at the spe cies level is also higher). Through out the Or do vi cian part of the suc ces sion, typ i cal Or do vi cian gen era oc cur, such as Acanthodiacrodium, Ordovicidium, Orthosphaeridium and large Baltisphaeridium, to gether with iso lated oc cur rences of typi cal Si lu rian gen era, es pe cially in the up per part of the Hirnantian (e.g., Diexallophasis). The Si lu rian as sem blages are typ ified by high fre quency of prasinophytes fol lowed by typ i cal Si lu rian acritarchs: Tylotopalla, Ammonidium, Domasia and Oppilatala. The palynological ma te rial from Po land is com pared with ma te rial known from other lo cal i ties: the Rapla and Valga bore holes (Es to nia) and Anticosti Is land (Can ada), as well as oth ers placed in dif fer ent palaeocontinents and dif fer ent bathymetric zones. Palynological as sem blages ob tained from Pol ish ma te rial con firm that bathymetry played the key role in tax o nomic di ver si fi ca tion of the microphytoplankton as sem blage. This sup ports the ex ist ing mod els of dis tri bu tion: dom inance of prasinophytes (leiospheres) and cryptospores is char ac ter is tic for shal low-wa ter en vi ron ments. In deeper wa ter, dom i nance of acanthomorphs is ob served. In the deep est-wa ter zones -mixed as sem blages oc cur. For the Holy Cross Moun tains, microphytoplankton fre quency is com pared with a TOC curve in the same in ter val.Key words: Po land, Or do vi cian/Si lu rian bound ary, palynology, acritarch fre quency,

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Sedimentary geochemistry of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation to reconstruct the palaeo‐depositional environments and to evaluate the organic matter enrichment mechanism from the Yangtze Block, South China

et al. 2021

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In the Yangtze Block, the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation is mainly composed of mudstone, shale, and carbonates which are important for investigating the depositional environment and evolution of the Early Cambrian rocks. The Niutitang Formation in the study area has a greater geologic interest due to its polymetallic beds, depositional age, variation in environmental conditions, Cambrian explosion, organic matter (OM) enrichment, algal boom, etc. This research represents the sedimentary geochemistry of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation to reconstruct the palaeo‐depositional environment and to evaluate the OM enrichment mechanism by means of total organic carbon (TOC), biomarkers, carbon isotopes, mineralogy, scanning electron microscope, etc. Based on the variation in TOC content, the Niutitang Formation is divided into three parts (upper, middle, and lower). The majority of the samples from the middle part of the Niutitang Formation exhibit an excellent source of hydrocarbon (TOC > 4.0 wt%) relative to the upper and the lower part. The lighter carbon isotopic composition (<−30.7%) in these sediments reveals the presence of the I‐amorphous kerogen group. Moreover, these lighter δ13Corg values suggest the presence of type‐I oil‐prone kerogen. Saturated hydrocarbon in these rocks showed the dominance of short‐chain n‐alkanes maximizing at C18. The predominance of these n‐alkanes represents that the OM is chiefly derived from algal/bacterial input. Similarly, the dissymmetric V shape of C27‐C28‐C29 steranes with a predominance of C27 and the higher values of in all three parts reflects that the OM in these rocks is chiefly originated from the lower aquatic marine organisms. Based on the Pr/Ph ratio, it is predicted that the middle part of the Niutitang Formation was deposited in extreme anoxic conditions (Pr/Ph < 0.5), whereas the upper and lower parts were deposited in relatively less anoxic conditions. Some biomarkers have more stable stereochemistry, which cannot be affected by diagenetic processes. These stable configurations are utilized to measure the maturity of OM, that is, Ts/(Ts + Tm), C29ββ/(ββ + αα), C29αα20S/(20S + 20R) steranes, and homohopane C31 22S/(22S + 22R). These geochemical indices reveal that the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation in the studied area is mature to the post‐mature in the gas generation phase. Moreover, the hydrothermal fluids rich in metallic elements (e.g., Mo, Zn, V, and U) from the deeper part of the Earth owing to elongational forces among Yangtze and Cathaysian plates over Early Cambrian time entered the oceanic basin via remnant features (fissure and cracks) and through upwelling phenomena interacted with shelf sediments. At the ocean's surface, these nutrient‐rich fluids enhanced the breeding and evolution of marine life (bio‐productivity), which created hypoxic water conditions suitable for the preservation of OM in these rocks.

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Organic geochemical characteristics of black shales across the Ordovician–Silurian boundary in the Holy Cross Mountains, central Poland

Cited by 32 publications

References 59 publications

The origin, type and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter in a marine-continental transitional facies shale succession (Qaidam Basin, China)

The origin, type and hydrocarbon generation potential of organic matter in a marine-continental transitional facies shale succession (Qaidam Basin, China)

Microphytoplankton from middle palaeolatitudes of the Southern Hemisphere – a record from climate change strata of Baltica’s O/S boundary

Sedimentary geochemistry of the Early Cambrian Niutitang Formation to reconstruct the palaeo‐depositional environments and to evaluate the organic matter enrichment mechanism from the Yangtze Block, South China

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