3 Pol ish Geo log i cal In sti tute -Na tional Re search In sti tute, Rakowiecka 4, 00-975 Warszawa, Po land Masiak, M., Stempieñ-Sa³ek, M., Podhalañska, T., 2020. Microphytoplankton from mid dle palaeolatitudes of the South ern Hemi sphere -a re cord from cli mate change strata of Baltica's O/S bound ary. Geo log i cal Quar terly, 64 (1): 86-103, doi: 10.7306/gq.1518In the pres ent study, data on the di ver sity of acritarch and prasinophyte microphytoplankton were col lected from Or do vician-Si lu rian tran si tional strata at three dif fer ent geo log i cal lo cal i ties in Po land: south ern part of the Holy Cross Moun tains (Ma³opolska Block, south ern Po land), East Eu ro pean Plat form (Baltica), and Koszalin-Chojnice Zone (NW Po land). The mate rial rep re sents the mucronata (tri lo bite) to vesiculosus (graptolite) biozones. The Or do vi cian microphytoplankton as semblages are char ac ter ized by low fre quency and low di ver sity: up to 110 spec i mens and 12 gen era per slide, in con trast to Si lu rian ones that are more fre quent and more di verse ->3000 spec i mens and 16 gen era per slide (di ver sity at the spe cies level is also higher). Through out the Or do vi cian part of the suc ces sion, typ i cal Or do vi cian gen era oc cur, such as Acanthodiacrodium, Ordovicidium, Orthosphaeridium and large Baltisphaeridium, to gether with iso lated oc cur rences of typi cal Si lu rian gen era, es pe cially in the up per part of the Hirnantian (e.g., Diexallophasis). The Si lu rian as sem blages are typ ified by high fre quency of prasinophytes fol lowed by typ i cal Si lu rian acritarchs: Tylotopalla, Ammonidium, Domasia and Oppilatala. The palynological ma te rial from Po land is com pared with ma te rial known from other lo cal i ties: the Rapla and Valga bore holes (Es to nia) and Anticosti Is land (Can ada), as well as oth ers placed in dif fer ent palaeocontinents and dif fer ent bathymetric zones. Palynological as sem blages ob tained from Pol ish ma te rial con firm that bathymetry played the key role in tax o nomic di ver si fi ca tion of the microphytoplankton as sem blage. This sup ports the ex ist ing mod els of dis tri bu tion: dom inance of prasinophytes (leiospheres) and cryptospores is char ac ter is tic for shal low-wa ter en vi ron ments. In deeper wa ter, dom i nance of acanthomorphs is ob served. In the deep est-wa ter zones -mixed as sem blages oc cur. For the Holy Cross Moun tains, microphytoplankton fre quency is com pared with a TOC curve in the same in ter val.Key words: Po land, Or do vi cian/Si lu rian bound ary, palynology, acritarch fre quency,