Organic compounds in the Delaware River

Sheldon, Linda; Hites, Ronald A.

doi:10.1021/es60146a006

Cited by 168 publications

(71 citation statements)

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“…The occurrence of alkylphenols such as NPs in the environment has been demonstrated since the late 1970s (Sheldon & Hites, 1978), and NPs have been identified in air, wastewater, surface water and sediments and even in manufactured food (Bennie, 1999;Guenther et al, 2002;Van Ry et al, 2000). Various studies have found NP concentrations as high as 325 lg/l in surface water and 72 mg/ kg in sediments (Ahel, Giger, & Koch, 1994;Bennie, 1999;Gross-Sorokin, Grist, Cooke, & Crane, 2003).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant enzyme activities of Microcystis aeruginosa in response to nonylphenols and degradation of nonylphenols by M. aeruginosa

Wang

Xie

2007

Environ Geochem Health

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The aim of this study was to examine the effects of chemical nonylphenols (NPs) on the antioxidant system of Microcystis aeruginosa strains. The degradation and sorption of NPs by M. aeruginosa were also evaluated. High concentrations of NPs (1 and 2 mg/l) were found to cause increases in superoxidase dismutase (SOD) and glutathione-S-transferase (GST) activities and in glutathione (GSH) levels. These results suggest that toxic stress manifested by elevated SOD and GST levels and GSH contents may be responsible for the toxicity of NPs to M. aeruginosa and that the algal cells could improve their antioxidant and detoxification ability through the enhancement of enzymatic and nonenzymatic prevention substances. The observed elevations in GSH levels and GST activities were relatively higher than those in SOD activities, indicating that GSH and GST contributed more in eliminating toxic effects than SOD. Low concentrations of NPs (0.05-0.2 mg/l) enhanced cell growth and decreased GST activity in algal cells of M. aeruginosa, suggesting that NPs may have acted as a protecting factor, such as an antioxidant.The larger portion of the NPs (>60%) disappeared after 12 days of incubation, indicating the strong ability of M. aeruginosa to degrade the moderate persistent NP compounds. The sorption ratio of M. aeruginosa after a 12-day exposure to low nominal concentrations of NPs (0.02-0.5 mg/l) was relatively high (>30%). The fact that M. aeruginosa effectively resisted the toxic effects of NPs and strongly degraded these pollutants indicate that M. aeruginosa cells have a strong ability to adapt to variations in environmental conditions and that low and moderate concentrations of organic compounds may favor its survival. Further studies are needed to provide detailed information on the fate of persistent organic pollutants and the survival of algae and to determine the possible role of organic pollutants in the occurrence of water blooms in eutrophic lakes.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Antioxidant enzyme activities of Microcystis aeruginosa in response to nonylphenols and degradation of nonylphenols by M. aeruginosa

Wang

Xie

2007

Environ Geochem Health

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“…Many of these substances can be detected in surface and ground water, e.g., herbicides such as atrazine, chloroanilines which form during the production of pigments, pharmaceuticals and pesticides, and chlorophenols as constituents of pigments and disinfectants. Even at low concentrations of few parts per billion (ppb) these compounds may be hazardous to plants, animals, and humans for long durations (Rick, 1993;Mueller et al, 1996;Rippen, 1995;Sheldon and Hites, 1978). Owing to their slow degradation, phenols, anilines, and triazines represent a major threat to ecosystems (Johnson and Fuhrrnann, 1990;Wolfe, 1980;Agertved et al, 1992;Gaynor and Volk, 1981;Janicke and Hilge, 1977;Kuhn and Suflita 1989;Kondo et al, 1988;Rheinheimer et al, 1990).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Sorption of Organic Compounds by Al and Zr-Hydroxy-Intercalated and Pillared Bentonite

Matthes

Kahr

2000

Clays and clay miner.

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Abstraet~wing to their large and chemically active surface, hydroxy-intercalated and pillared clays can be potent sorbents for organic compounds. The sorption behavior of A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated bentonite (HA1-, HZr-MX80), A1 and Zr-pillared bentonite (A1-MX80, Zr-MX80), and a commercial A1-pillared bentonite (EXM 534) for 3-chloroaniline (3-CA), atrazine (AT), and 3-chlorophenol (3-CP) was investigated. The results were compared with the sorption behavior of the untreated Na-rich bentonite (MX80) and granulated activated carbon (GAC). Also the influence of the salinity of the sorbate and the age of the sorbents was studied.A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites sorbed higher amounts of 3-CA, AT, and 3-CP than the untreated bentonite. The quantities sorbed related to the electron-donating properties of the sorbate and the acidity of the sorbents. Sorbed quantities increased from the hydroxy-intercalated to the pillared species, and from the AI to the Zr forms. The organic bases, 3-CA and AT, were sorbed in higher quantities than the organic acid 3-CP. For AT, the sorbents exhibited a high affinity. Aging of the samples and a high ionic strength of the sorbate reduced the sorption of 3-CA, whereas the sorptioa of AT was not affected greatly. The sorption capacity of GAC for organic bases was generally higher than that of the hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites.The data suggest that at initial concentrations at a ppm level, 3-CA and AT can be entirely removed from aqueous solutions by A1 and Zr-hydroxy-intercalated and pillared bentonites. These materials, especially Zr-pillared bentonites, represent potent alternative sorbents for atrazine, chloroanilines, and probably a wide range of other organic bases.

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“…By Linear multiple régression, we can express the oxidizabiLity of the filtered waters (OXS) as a function of (OXE) and température (TEM). The models achieved differ from one season to INTRODUCTION L'objectif d'un traiteur d'eau est de fournir un produit de qualité convenable alors qu'il dispose d'une matière première hétérogène et de qualité très variable (SHELDON et HITES, 1978 ;GOMELLA et GUERREE, 1980 ;CASELLAS et al, 1983 ;CHESTERIKOFF et al, 1985 ;MEYBECK, 1985).…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

“…les saisons et plus particulièrement la température (CEES et al, 1974 ;SHELDON et HITES, 1978 ;OCHIAI et IIANYA, 1980 ;CLOERN et al , 1983 ;GELLER, 1983 ;HAMA et HANDA, 1983 ;TIPPING et WOOF, 1983 ;CHESTERIKOFF et al, 1985 ;MEYBECK, 1985 ;Van STENDEREN et Van ROSSUM, 1985) : ainsi, observe-t-on une augmentation de la teneur en composés biodégradables ou odorants d'origine algale en fin de printemps, la présence de composés plus polymérisés dans les eaux d'hiver ;…”

Section: Discussionunclassified

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Influence du climat et des traitements de potabilisation sur l'oxydabilité d'une eau en cours d'affinage

Jarret¹,

Ducauze²

2005

rseau

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Résumé de l'article La matière organique présente dans une eau clarifiée et ozonée puis filtrée sur charbon a été caractérisée durant 8 mois par l'oxydabilité au KMnO4 à chaud et en milieu acide; on a relevé les paramètres climatiques et noté les traitements de potabilisation appliqués.Une analyse en composantes principales suivie d'une analyse discriminante effectuée sur 129 prélèvements fait ressortir que deux paramètres -la température et le pH -suffisent à classer ces eaux en 3 groupes : chacun d'eux correspond à une saison, avec un pourcentage d'erreur de 6 %.En moyenne, l'oxydabitité de l'eau à l'entrée du filtre ne varie pas d'une saison à l'autre; mais la dispersion des valeurs est plus importante au printemps. La politique de traitement appliquée n'apparaît pas clairement. Des analyses de variance suivies de régressions linéaires multiples montrent que cette oxydabilité dépend à la fois de la séquence et du traitement d'ozonation : moins de 30 % de La variance se trouvent ainsi expliqués.La filtration sur charbon à 5 m.h-1 abaisse l'oxydabilité de G à 0,8 mg O2 par litre et diminue sa variabilité. On note cependant des relargages en fin de printemps lors du rééquilibrage du filtre. L'oxydabilité de l'eau filtrée dépend à la fois de celle mesurée à l'entrée du filtre et de la température : les modèles retenus, déterminés par régression linéaire multiple, diffèrent d'une saison à l'autre, indiquant un fonctionnement différent du réacteur. Il est alors possible de définir des périodes où elle est minimale.La qualité d'une eau affinée varie ainsi avec les saisons, ceci malgré un lissage dû aux effets des traitements appliqués en amont. SUMMARYOxidizabi lity by KMnOi, in a hot acidic médium was used for 8 months to estimate organic matter in clarified-ozonized then GAC-filtered waters, treated on a pi Lot plant (Figure 1).Flowrate of the River Seine (DES), température (TEM), pH (PME) and oxidizability of the waters before GAC-fiItration (OXE) are shown to vary with time (Figures 2 to 5). The first two parameters are gêneraiLy used to classify raw waters but hère they are not enough (Figure 6). Then, multivariate statistical analyses -principaL component analysis and discriminant analysis -are carried out on 129 samples : they show (Figure 7) that two parameters, one in connection with climate onlytempérature -and the other in connection with both climate and treatments -pH -are able to classify thèse waters into three groups équivalent to three seasons ; the error coefficient is of 6 X only. Seasonal characteristics of thèse waters are given in Table 1. Average values of oxidizability (OXE) do not vary with the seasons, but standard-déviation is the greatest in Spring.There is no apparent connection between the différent treatments -preozonation level (P0 3 ), quantity of flocculant added (WAC), sand-fiItration velocity (VFS), ozonation level (O3F), residual ozone Level (0 3 R), GAC-fiItration flowrate (DAL) -except between the two ozonation treatments (Figure 3). Their seasonal variations are given in Tab...

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Organic compounds in the Delaware River

Cited by 168 publications

References 9 publications

Antioxidant enzyme activities of Microcystis aeruginosa in response to nonylphenols and degradation of nonylphenols by M. aeruginosa

Antioxidant enzyme activities of Microcystis aeruginosa in response to nonylphenols and degradation of nonylphenols by M. aeruginosa

Sorption of Organic Compounds by Al and Zr-Hydroxy-Intercalated and Pillared Bentonite

Influence du climat et des traitements de potabilisation sur l'oxydabilité d'une eau en cours d'affinage

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