Organic Compound in Airborne Particles and their Genottoxic Effects in Mexico City

Villalobos-Pietrini, Rafael; Amador-Muñóz, Omar; Valle-Hernández, Brenda L.; Gómez-Arroyo, Sandra; Waliszewski, Stefan M.

doi:10.5772/20500

Cited by 6 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 122 publications

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“…The results indicated that during the morning rush hour (06:30-08:30), pPAHs concentrations increased to a maximum of ~250 ng m -3 , and then decreased during the morning to ~20 ng m -3 , with average concentrations of 50 ng m -3 throughout the campaign. Note also those pPAHs concentrations in Mexico City have been reported by other groups using GC/MS and PAS (e.g., Villalobos-Pietrini et al, 2006;Saldarriaga et al, 2008;Murillo-Tovar et al, 2010;Villalobos-Pietrini et al, 2011;Amador-Muñoz et al, 2013;Ladino et al, 2018).…”

Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pPAHs) in Merida, Mexico

Álvarez-Ospina

Giordano

Ladino

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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This study focuses on the air quality evaluation of Merida, a medium-size city located in the Yucatan Peninsula with a significant population growth in recent years. Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pPAHs) were quantified with a real time sensor during a six-month period during the dry season (October 2017 to March 2018). The pPAHs diurnal and monthly characteristics, as well as their potential sources were determined. The total pPAHs concentrations ranged from 7 ng m -3 to 170 ng m -3 , with an average value of 19 ± 11 ng m -3 . A seasonal trend was observed, albeit not complete, indicating that pPAHs concentrations were higher during the colder months (October through January) than in February and March. The diurnal cycle showed a bimodal behavior similar to those found for carbon monoxide (CO), nitrogen oxides (NOx) and black carbon (BC) (estimated from absorption coefficient), indicating that burning of fossil fuels from vehicular traffic is the likely source of the pPAHs emitted in Merida. Moreover, atypical nocturnal values were observed, where the high pPAHs concentration could be associated with the burning of solid waste. The average pPAHs concentration obtained in this study (19 ± 11 ng m -3 ) were found to be lower than the values measured in two other sites in Mexico City (32 ng m -3 and 50 ng m -3 ), Boston (29 ng m -3 ), Los Angeles (88.3 ng m -3 ) and Quito (220 ng m -3 ).

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Section: Introductionsupporting

confidence: 72%

Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pPAHs) in Merida, Mexico

Álvarez-Ospina

Giordano

Ladino

et al. 2021

Aerosol Air Qual. Res.

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“…The average MoCA score was 23.9 ± 2.8 (normal 26–30), and 24.7% and 30.3% scored ≤24 and ≤22, corresponding to mild cognitive impairment MCI ≤ 24 and dementia scores D ≤ 22 [ 13 ]. Thus, urban Mexican populations may be at a heightened risk of long-term neurodegenerative sequel, including dementia associated with high exposure to neurotoxic air pollutants [ 14 , 15 , 16 , 17 , 18 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders

Calderón‐Garcidueñas

Rajkumar

Stommel

et al. 2021

IJERPH

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Quadruple aberrant hyperphosphorylated tau (p-τ), amyloid-β peptide, alpha-synuclein and TDP-43 brainstem and supratentorial pathology are documented in forensic ≤40y autopsies in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC), and p-τ is the major aberrant protein. Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD) is associated with an elevated risk of subsequent dementia, and rapid eye movement sleep behavior disorder (RBD) is documented in PD, AD, Lewy body dementia and ALS. This study aimed to identify an association between PTSD and potential pRBD in Mexico. An anonymous online survey of 4502 urban college-educated adults, 29.3 ± 10.3 years; MMC, n = 1865; non-MMC, n = 2637, measured PTSD symptoms using the Impact of Event Scale–Revised (IES-R) and pRBD symptoms using the RBD Single-Question. Over 50% of the participants had IES-R scores ≥33 indicating probable PTSD. pRBD was identified in 22.6% of the participants across Mexico and 32.7% in MMC residents with PTSD. MMC subjects with PTSD had an OR 2.6218 [2.5348, 2.7117] of answering yes to the pRBD. PTSD and pRBD were more common in women. This study showed an association between PTSD and pRBD, strengthening the possibility of a connection with misfolded proteinopathies in young urbanites. We need to confirm the RBD diagnosis using an overnight polysomnogram. Mexican women are at high risk for stress and sleep disorders.

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“…Key for the health effects, is the fact that ∼75% of PM 2.5 is smaller than 1 micron (PM 1 ), which includes the ultrafine particles (≤100 nm) (23). Over 47% of the MMC, PM 2.5 comprises organic aerosols (OA), 30% of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), 12% black carbon (BC), 7% soil components, 1% metals, and the rest being mineral components (32). OA includes primary organic aerosols (POA) i.e., primary hydrocarbon-like compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and their nitrogen derivatives (32).…”

Section: Air Quality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Over 47% of the MMC, PM 2.5 comprises organic aerosols (OA), 30% of secondary organic aerosols (SOA), 12% black carbon (BC), 7% soil components, 1% metals, and the rest being mineral components (32). OA includes primary organic aerosols (POA) i.e., primary hydrocarbon-like compounds, polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons (PAH), and their nitrogen derivatives (32). PAH, the semi-volatile complex organic compounds associated with incomplete combustion processes of fossil fuels and biomass, have been increasing ∼150% in Mexico City in the last 5 years (33).…”

Section: Air Quality Datamentioning

confidence: 99%

Metals, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, and Cognitive Decline

et al. 2022

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Exposure to metals is ubiquitous and emission sources include gasoline, diesel, smoke from wildfires, contaminated soil, water and food, medical implants, waste recycling facilities, subway exposures, and occupational environments. PM2.5 exposure is associated with impaired cognitive performance, neurobehavioral alterations, incidence of dementia, and Alzheimer's disease (AD) risk. Heavy-duty diesel vehicles are major emitters of metal-rich PM2.5 and nanoparticles in Metropolitan Mexico City (MMC). Cognitive impairment was investigated in 336 clinically healthy, middle-class, Mexican volunteers, age 29.2 ± 13.3 years with 13.7 ± 2.4 years of education using the Montreal Cognitive Assessment (MoCA). MoCA scores varied with age and residency in three Mexican cities with cognition deficits impacting ~74% of the young middle-class population (MoCA ≤ 25). MMC residents ≥31 years (x¯46.2 ± 11.8 y) had MoCA x¯20.4 ± 3.4 vs. low pollution controls 25.2 ± 2.4 (p < 0.0001). Formal education years positively impacted MoCA total scores across all participants (p < 0.0001). Residency in PM2.5 polluted cities impacts multi-domain cognitive performance. Identifying and making every effort to lower key pollutants impacting neural risk trajectories and monitoring cognitive longitudinal performance are urgent. PM2.5 emission control should be prioritized, metal emissions targeted, and neuroprevention interventions implemented early.

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Organic Compound in Airborne Particles and their Genottoxic Effects in Mexico City

Cited by 6 publications

References 122 publications

Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pPAHs) in Merida, Mexico

Particle-bound Polycyclic Aromatic Hydrocarbons (pPAHs) in Merida, Mexico

Brainstem Quadruple Aberrant Hyperphosphorylated Tau, Beta-Amyloid, Alpha-Synuclein and TDP-43 Pathology, Stress and Sleep Behavior Disorders

Metals, Nanoparticles, Particulate Matter, and Cognitive Decline

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