Organic Agriculture—Driving Innovations in Crop Research

Forster, D. Lynn; Adamtey, Noah; Messmer, Monika; Pfiffner, Lukas; Baker, Brian P.; Huber, Beate; Niggli, U.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-12-404560-6.00002-2

Cited by 15 publications

(9 citation statements)

References 101 publications

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“…These later have been used successfully to improve crop protection. [8] By this simple view, essential oils (EOs) constitute the bioactive fraction of aromatic plants and the most exploited products thanks to their harmlessness. Concerning pests' control, many studies revealed that these secondary metabolites were well-known for their biological activities such as their insecticide effect.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne

Salem

Bachrouch

Sriti

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Properties

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This work was aimed to investigate the chemical composition of pennyroyal (Mentha pulegium L.) aerial parts and castor (Ricinus communis L.) stems essential oils from Tunisia. Fumigant and repellent toxicities were assessed toward two major stored product beetles: Lasioderma serricorne and Tribolium castaneum. Pennyroyal essential oil was characterized by a clear predominance of the oxygenated monoterpenes fraction (97.10%) instead of phenol fraction (61.47%) in the castor essential oil. The major common compounds of Mentha pulegium were pulegone and isomenthone, whereas 2,4-bis (dimethylbenzyl)-6-t-butylphenol was the main volatile compound of castor essential oil. Pennyroyal essential oil showed a strong antiradical capacity (IC 50 = 14 µg/mL) which is higher than synthetic standard. The effectiveness of pennyroyal essential oil against the coleopteran insects showed potential fumigant impact particularly against Lasioderma serricorne with LC 50 = 8.46 µL/L air. Moreover, significant pest repellent activity was demonstrated with Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium where the repellency effects reached 80 and 60% after 1 and 24h of exposure against Tribolium castaneum at doses of 0.31 µL/cm 2 and 0.078 µL/cm 2 respectively. Hence, these findings underlined the potential insecticidal effect of castor and pennyroyal essential oils and highlighted their use as valuable food and insecticide products instead of synthetic pesticides.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne

Salem

Bachrouch

Sriti

et al. 2017

International Journal of Food Properties

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“…A variety of crop types and cultivars increase both the fertility of soils and resistance to pests. Natural control agents, such as beneficial bacteria, viruses, insects, and nematodes, can be used in improving crop protection successfully [150].…”

Section: How Are We Exposed To Pesticides?mentioning

confidence: 99%

Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health

Özkara¹,

Akyıl²,

Konuk³

2016

Environmental Health Risk - Hazardous Factors to Living Species

166

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In recent years, people have been exposed to several types of substances with broad spectrum due to the rapidly evolving technology. One of these chemical substance groups are pesticides. Pesticides have been an essential part of agriculture to protect crops and livestock from pest infestations and yield reduction for many decades. Despite their usefulness, pesticides could pose potential risks to food safety, the environment, and all living things. Concern about the environmental impact of repeated pesticide use has prompted research into the environmental fate of these agents, which can emigrate from treated fields to air, other land, and water bodies. The importance of agricultural pesticides for developing countries is undeniable. However, the issue of human health and environmental risks has emerged as a key problem for these countries in accordance to a number of studies. In the last five decades, pesticide usages increased the quantity and improved the quality of food. However, with the increasing amounts of their usage, concern about their adverse effects on nontarget organisms, including human beings, has also grown. The purpose of this publication is to explain the nature of pesticides and their history, classification, risks, and effects on health and the environment.

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“…Despite producing lower yields of the main crop, such diversified systems are characterized by resilience to climatic extremes (Berg, 2002) and high total productivity, which may minimize risks associated with market fluctuations for farmers (Andres et al, in press). In addition, intercropping systems and various forms of crop rotations increase the abundance of natural pest antagonists, and thereby contribute to pest control (Wyss et al, 2005;Cook et al, 2007;Zehnder et al, 2007;Wyss and Pfiffner, 2008;Forster et al, 2013a;Singh et al, 2015).…”

Section: Agro-ecologymentioning

confidence: 99%

Sustainable Intensification of Tropical Agro-Ecosystems: Need and Potentials

Andrés

Bhullar

2016

Front. Environ. Sci.

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Rapid population growth, increasingly complex economies and novel industrial uses of agricultural products call for further intensification of agriculture, particularly in the tropics. How to achieve sustainable intensification of food production systems in tropical regions that are challenged by ongoing climate change, loss of natural resources and biodiversity is a matter of debate. Here we highlight the major knowledge gaps in agricultural research and policy that must be addressed to develop adequate governance and regulatory frameworks for sustainable agricultural intensification. They include quantification of the (i) value of (public/private) goods generated by ecosystem services, (ii) costs to conserve the natural resources and biodiversity that maintain ecosystem services, and (iii) true costs of different types of agriculture (in environmental, social, and health dimensions) as well as (iv) required adaptations that will make alternative farming strategies feasible at a global scale. We discuss the synergies and potential of agro-ecology and organic agriculture to transform our food systems and highlight the importance of controlling demand for food through societal (behavioral) and political (structural) changes in agricultural value chains. Finally, we review the sustainability standards and participatory guarantee systems in developed and developing countries, respectively, and argue that exemplars from developed countries could be role models in adapting governance and regulatory frameworks for developing countries.

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Organic Agriculture—Driving Innovations in Crop Research

Cited by 15 publications

References 101 publications

Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne

Fumigant and repellent potentials of Ricinus communis and Mentha pulegium essential oils against Tribolium castaneum and Lasioderma serricorne

Pesticides, Environmental Pollution, and Health

Sustainable Intensification of Tropical Agro-Ecosystems: Need and Potentials

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