Organic aerosols in the Caribbean trade winds: A natural source?

Novakov, T.; Corrigan, C.; Penner, Joyce E.; Chuang, Catherine C.; Rosario, Osvaldo; Bracero, O. L. Mayol

doi:10.1029/97jd01487

Cited by 143 publications

(117 citation statements)

References 23 publications

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“…57 Black (elemental) carbon was not found in the samples, which indicated that the aerosol was relatively free of combustion products. Consequently, a substantial fraction of this organic material may be associated with natural oceanic emissions.…”

Section: Oceanic Emissions Of Sea Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…Consequently, a substantial fraction of this organic material may be associated with natural oceanic emissions. 57,58 As another indication of background levels of oceanic carbon, average POM concentrations (defined as 1.6 ϫ OC) in marine air masses over the Indian Ocean south of the equator were found to be 0.07-0.13 g/m 3 in submicrometer particles and 0.14 -0.56 g/m 3 in supermicrometer particles during the February-March monsoon season. 15 These concentrations again represent values obtained for oceanic air masses, with the lowest concentrations associated with transport from the south.…”

Section: Oceanic Emissions Of Sea Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Tombach

Brewer²

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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The goal of the regional haze mitigation program in the United States is to attain "natural conditions" in national parks and wilderness areas by 2064. Results of research investigations on background concentrations of sea salt and biogenic organic matter, of episodic Saharan and Asian dust, and of carbon from natural fires were reviewed to provide a basis for making site-specific estimates of what the concentrations of atmospheric fine particulate matter components might be under natural conditions in the Southeastern United States. Based on this review, rough estimates were made of potential contributions of these aerosol components to natural background visibility. Natural organic particles were the dominant influence on the rate of visibility improvement required to reach natural conditions at an inland, mountainous location, and organic particles and sea salt were the dominant influences on the rate at a coastal location. African dust also had a large episodic effect, but the current regulatory approach is not designed to address episodic background variations. Insufficient data exist to quantify the

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Section: Oceanic Emissions Of Sea Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Oceanic Emissions Of Sea Saltmentioning

confidence: 99%

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Tombach

Brewer²

2005

Journal of the Air & Waste Management Association

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“…Recent field measurements clearly document the presence of organic matter in individual particles (Middlebrook et al 1998) and a relevant contribution of organic species to fine aerosol mass in the unperturbed MBL (Putaud et al 2000). However, the role of organic compounds in the remote marine aerosol, although recognized as potentially important (Matsumoto et al 1997;Novakov et al 1997), remains largely uncertain, mainly due to the lack of quantitative measurements of their size-dependent composition. Further, despite a large number of studies on the occurrence of individual compounds or classes of compounds, e.g.…”

Section: Chemical Compositionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge

O’Dowd

Leeuw

2007

Phil. Trans. R. Soc. A.

663

568

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The current knowledge in primary and secondary marine aerosol formation is reviewed. For primary marine aerosol source functions, recent source functions have demonstrated a significant flux of submicrometre particles down to radii of 20 nm. Moreover, the source functions derived from different techniques up to 10 mm have come within a factor of two of each other. For secondary marine aerosol formation, recent advances have identified iodine oxides and isoprene oxidation products, in addition to sulphuric acid, as contributing to formation and growth, although the exact roles remains to be determined. While a multistep process seems to be required, isoprene oxidation products are more likely to participate in growth and sulphuric acid is more likely to participate in nucleation. Iodine oxides are likely to participate in both nucleation and growth.

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“…In oceanic environments and parts of the upper troposphere, the mass of organic matter in the fine particle range, its dominant size mode, has been noted to exceed that of inorganic aerosol [Novakov et al, 1997a;Murphy et al, 1998a]. In some cases the carbon mass fraction has been observed to increase with altitude [Novakov et al, 1997b].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Reactive uptake of ozone by proxies for organic aerosols: Surface versus bulk processes

Moise¹,

Rudich²

2000

J. Geophys. Res.

128

215

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Abstract. Uptake measurements of ozone were conducted with two types of proxies for atmospheric organic aerosols: organic liquids and self-assembled organic monolayers. Alkanes and terminal alkenes were used. The monolayer surface was characterized, prior to and after reaction, using IR spectroscopy. Uptake experiments were conducted using a flow tube reactor coupled to a chemical ionization mass spectrometer. The reactive uptake coefficient, ¾, is shown to be due to reaction with the double bond. For the monolayers, ¾ is composed solely of a surface reactive component and is smaller by at least an order of magnitude than values obtained for a liquid of the same chain length. Uptake by the liquids is higher due to solubility and reaction in the bulk. The phase of the atmospheric organic aerosol will determine the appropriate use of a bulk or surface uptake probability in atmospheric models. Since the aerosol surface is processed and sites are consumed, ¾ is time variant. We define a parameter ¾' as the surface uptake probability per reactive site and determine its value as 9 x 10 -•9 cm: molecule '•. This enables the modeling of surface reactions as surface site concentrations diminish following interaction with the gaseous species.

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Organic aerosols in the Caribbean trade winds: A natural source?

Cited by 143 publications

References 23 publications

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Natural Background Visibility and Regional Haze Goals in the Southeastern United States

Marine aerosol production: a review of the current knowledge

Reactive uptake of ozone by proxies for organic aerosols: Surface versus bulk processes

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