Organ Localization in Mice Challenged with a Typical Candida albicans Strain and a Pseudohyphal Variant

Evans, Zoe; Mardon, D. N.

doi:10.3181/00379727-155-39780

Cited by 24 publications

(13 citation statements)

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“…This evidence suggests that Candida binding to endothelium is rapid, occurring in less than 34 ms. This is supported by in vivo experiments that show C. albicans clearance from the circulation within 15 minutes in animal models of systemic candidiasis (5,18). Like Glee et al, we also noted that all three morphogenic forms of C. albicans exhibited both homotypic adhesion to adherent Candida cells and heterotypic adhesion to the endothelium (8).…”

Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Adhesion of Candida albicans to Endothelial Cells under Physiological Conditions of Flow

et al. 2009

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Candida albicans is a commensal organism that under certain circumstances can become pathogenic. During systemic infection C. albicans is disseminated via the circulation to distant organs, where it causes multiple organ failure. Despite the severity of systemic C. albicans infection, little is known about the mechanisms involved in the adhesion of this organism to the endothelium lining blood vessels. Previous studies have used static assays to examine adhesion. However, these do not realistically model blood vessels, where circulating C. albicans cells must adhere to the endothelium under conditions of flow and shear stress. Furthermore, there is conflicting evidence concerning the role played by yeast, pseudohyphal, and hyphal forms of C. albicans in adhesion to endothelium. To test the hypothesis that there may be differences in the abilities of these three morphogenic forms of C. albicans to adhere to endothelium under conditions of flow, we developed an in vitro flow adhesion assay. We found that all three forms of C. albicans rapidly bound to confluent endothelial cells under conditions of flow. Maximum adhesion was found at low shear stress levels similar to that found in postcapillary venules. Moreover, yeast forms bound in significantly greater numbers than did pseudohyphal and hyphal forms, respectively, contrasting with previous findings from static assays. These findings are consistent with recent in vivo data suggesting that yeast forms may be capable of adhering to the endothelium and migrating into the tissues before undergoing morphogenic change to cause tissue damage.

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Section: Discussionsupporting

confidence: 66%

Adhesion of Candida albicans to Endothelial Cells under Physiological Conditions of Flow

et al. 2009

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“…Localisation assays were performed as previously described (Evans and Mardon, 1977) at specified intervals from 30 s to 144 h after injection. Replicate blood samples were collected from the retro-orbital plexus, mice were killed by cervical dislocation and liver, lungs, spleen, kidneys, brain, heart, thymus, and lymph nodes (axillary, inguinal, and mesenteric) were excised and weighed.…”

Section: Micementioning

confidence: 99%

“…Some workers (Young, 1958;Gresham and Whittle, 1961;Louria et al, 1962-63;Saltarelli, Gentile and Mancuso, 1975) have observed that yeast to filamentous transformation precedes the invasive process and postulated that the hyphal form is the more virulent. Other evidence suggests the yeast phase is more virulent (Winsten and Murray, 1956;Simonetti and Strippoli, 1973;Mardon, Gunn and Robinette, 1975;Evans and Mardon, 1977) but the manner in which blastospores may be more effective in initiating fatal infections has not been explained.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Tissue responses to the blastospores and hyphae of Candida albicans in the mouse

Evans

1981

Journal of Medical Microbiology

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SUMMARY. Separate groups of mice challenged intravenously with either the blastospore or hyphal forms of the same strain of Candida albicans were examined for comparative mortality rates, organ localisation, and tissue and cellular response to the organisms. Blastospores were more rapidly and consistently fatal to mice than the hyphae. Relatively more hyphal elements than blastospores were initially localised in the lungs but more blastospores than hyphal elements were trapped in the liver. The cells of both forms were more effectively killed in the lungs than in other organs. Blastospores initially found in the kidneys increased rapidly in numbers, but hyphal inocula either grew slowly in the kidneys or were eliminated. After mice were challenged with either hyphae or blastospores the initial inflammatory response in the lungs and liver was predominantly of polymorphonuclear leukocytes, but macrophages were the first inflammatory cells to be seen in kidney sections. Peripheral blood counts showed a leukocytosis in mice of both groups although only blastospores resulted in increased numbers of circulating atypical lymphocytes. The results indicated that lungs may play a more important role than other reticuloendothelial organs in innate resistance to vascular invasion by either of the morphological forms of C. albicans, and macrophages may be crucial to host resistance to renal invasion by this fungus.

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“…In support of this, C. albicans migration from the circulation is very rapid (80 to 90% migration within 5 min) (16,52), whereas hyphal transformation and endothelial cell damage may take several hours (66).…”

Section: Adhesion Of C Albicans To Endothelial Cellsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Candida albicans -Endothelial Cell Interactions: a Key Step in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Candidiasis

et al. 2008

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Organ Localization in Mice Challenged with a Typical Candida albicans Strain and a Pseudohyphal Variant

Cited by 24 publications

References 0 publications

Adhesion of Candida albicans to Endothelial Cells under Physiological Conditions of Flow

Adhesion of Candida albicans to Endothelial Cells under Physiological Conditions of Flow

Tissue responses to the blastospores and hyphae of Candida albicans in the mouse

Candida albicans -Endothelial Cell Interactions: a Key Step in the Pathogenesis of Systemic Candidiasis

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