Organ donation protocols

Maciel, Carolina B.; Hwang, David Y.; Greer, David M.

doi:10.1016/b978-0-444-63600-3.00023-4

Cited by 8 publications

(2 citation statements)

References 197 publications

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“…Organ transplantation denotes the intricate surgical procedure of extracting an organ from a donor and implanting it into a recipient. Various organs such as kidneys, livers, lungs, eyes, skin, and hearts are viable for transplantation [1][2]. Transplantation becomes imperative when a person's organ succumbs to failure or sustains damage due to illness or accidents.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decentralized Application for Managing Organ Donation, Transportation, and Transplantation Processes through Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Internet of Things Integration

Bawa,

Singh

2024

Preprint

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Currently organ donation and transplantation management systems are designed using either centralized architecture or decentralized architecture. The centralized architectures lack transparency for the stakeholders thereby causing unethical allocation of organs and unauthorized alterations to organ waiting lists. Additionally, centralized models are susceptible to data vulnerability through third-party interference, ultimately eroding trust in the system. On the other hand, the existing blockchain-based decentralized models suffer from high Ether consumption during deployment. Furthermore, both models fail to provide stakeholders with access to vital information regarding the condition of organs during their transportation from the donor to the recipient. This includes factors like temperature, humidity level, and light exposure inside the organ container, and orientation and vibration of the container. This absence of supervision increases the risk of contamination of organs during transit, highlighting a crucial gap in safe organ transportation. The paper presents a decentralized application powered by blockchain and Internet of Things technologies for managing stakeholder registration, efficient patient-donor matching, organ retrieval, transportation, and transplantation. The proposed application ensures complete data security, process transparency, and a trustful environment for stakeholders. Furthermore, the application ensures safe organ transportation and a reduction in the risk of organ contamination. A comparative analysis with existing blockchain-based organ management applications has been presented. Notable improvements in Ether consumption with a deployment cost of approximately 0.00582850 Ether, reduced gas utilization of 446104.333 units, process transparency, organ monitoring, and the assurance of safe transportation within the proposed application have been observed.

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Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Decentralized Application for Managing Organ Donation, Transportation, and Transplantation Processes through Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Internet of Things Integration

Bawa,

Singh

2024

Preprint

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“…Deceased organ donation is of two types: donation after death by neurologic criteria (DNC) and donation after cardiac death (DCD) [ 2 ]. DCD was the standard practice before the concept of DNC (or brain death) was established [ 3 ]. A prerequisite to DNC is the confirmation of brain death diagnosis [ 4 ].…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Outcome analysis of brain-death referral to NOD-Lb: A retrospective chart review of a single hospital experience over 3 years

Araji,

Ayoub,

Gebrael

et al. 2024

PLoS ONE

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Background Organ donation shortage and in particular organ procurement is an international concern as the gap between the number of donors and recipients is steadily growing. Organ procurement is a chain of steps with donor identification and referral (ID&R) as the very first link in this chain. Failure of this step hinders the progress in the organ transplantation program. Objectives Our study was conducted to evaluate and highlight the gap between the national system and the practice at the identification and referral (ID&R) step of the organ procurement chain in a single tertiary-care academic health center in Beirut: the Lebanese American University Medical Center–Rizk Hospital (LAUMC-RH), and to appraise the literature for challenges at this step and for possible interventions for improvement based on the international experience. Materials and methods This retrospective study was a descriptive case series of ICU and ED deceased patients at a single tertiary-care university hospital in Beirut. Patients’ characteristics were collected from medical records for all patients who died between 2017 and 2019 while in the ICU or the ED and shared with the National Organization for Organ and Tissue Donation and Transplantation (NOD-Lb), for each subject separately, to decide on the donor status. All data collected from the patient cohort was analyzed using R version 3.6.1. Wilcoxon signed-rank test, chi-squared, and fisher-exact tests were used to compare differences in clinical characteristics in terms of donor status when appropriate. Results This study served as 3 years audit of a single hospital experience, and it demonstrates failure to make any referrals to NOD-Lb and zero actual organ and tissue donations over the study period. The review of 295 deceased subjects’ charts demonstrates 295 missed alerts to NOD-Lb and the overall missing of 5 organ and tissue donors and 24 cornea donors assuming the organ procurement chain of steps will continue uninterrupted after ID&R. Conclusion The data gathered suggests the presence of an inefficient identification and referral system that is translated into a complete failure of reporting to NOD-Lb from LAUMC-RH. A systematic evidence-based approach to evaluate for the most cost-effective intervention to increase identification and referral rates is needed with a serious effort to examine and account for any inefficient implantation.

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