A Decentralized Application for Managing Organ Donation, Transportation, and Transplantation Processes through Blockchain, Smart Contracts, and Internet of Things Integration

Abstract

Currently organ donation and transplantation management systems are designed using either centralized architecture or decentralized architecture. The centralized architectures lack transparency for the stakeholders thereby causing unethical allocation of organs and unauthorized alterations to organ waiting lists. Additionally, centralized models are susceptible to data vulnerability through third-party interference, ultimately eroding trust in the system. On the other hand, the existing blockchain-based decentralized models suffer from high Ether consumption during deployment. Furthermore, both models fail to provide stakeholders with access to vital information regarding the condition of organs during their transportation from the donor to the recipient. This includes factors like temperature, humidity level, and light exposure inside the organ container, and orientation and vibration of the container. This absence of supervision increases the risk of contamination of organs during transit, highlighting a crucial gap in safe organ transportation. The paper presents a decentralized application powered by blockchain and Internet of Things technologies for managing stakeholder registration, efficient patient-donor matching, organ retrieval, transportation, and transplantation. The proposed application ensures complete data security, process transparency, and a trustful environment for stakeholders. Furthermore, the application ensures safe organ transportation and a reduction in the risk of organ contamination. A comparative analysis with existing blockchain-based organ management applications has been presented. Notable improvements in Ether consumption with a deployment cost of approximately 0.00582850 Ether, reduced gas utilization of 446104.333 units, process transparency, organ monitoring, and the assurance of safe transportation within the proposed application have been observed.