Organ culture in avian virology: A review

Darbyshire, JH

doi:10.1080/03079457808418287

Cited by 6 publications

(5 citation statements)

References 42 publications

(39 reference statements)

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“…The propagation of IBV in organ cultures (OC) of trachea and other tissues has been reviewed (57). Tracheal organ cultures (TOCs) have proved very useful for the isolation, titration, and serotyping of IBV, because no adaptation of field strains is required for growth and the induction of ciliostasis.…”

Section: Organ Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bronchitis

Jackwood¹,

Wit²

2019

Diseases of Poultry

106

146

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Agent, Infection, and Disease.Infectious bronchitis is caused by the avian coronavirus, infectious bronchitis virus (IBV), which is found worldwide. Infections, depending on the strain, may cause an acute upper-respiratory tract disease, drops in egg production, decreased egg quality, and nephritis. The virus is transmitted by inhalation or direct contact with contaminated objects and morbidity is usually 100%; whereas, mortality can vary depending on a variety of host factors and the strain of the infecting virus. Chickens are the primary host but the virus has also been found in pheasants and peafowl. There exist many different antigenic types of the virus and due to a high rate of mutation, new antigenic variants constantly emerge. As a general rule, different antigenic types and variants have little to no cross-protection.Diagnosis. The preferred diagnostic test is molecular detection of the viral spike (S1) gene or virus isolation in embryonating chicken eggs. Multiple antigenic types of the virus are identified by sequence analysis of the S1 gene or by the virus neutralization test using serotypespecific antibodies. The disease can also be diagnosed by demonstrating rising antibody titers against IBV between preclinical and convalescent sera.Intervention. Attenuated live and killed vaccines are used in an attempt to control the disease. However, multiple different antigenic types and constantly emerging new types that do not cross-protect make it difficult to prevent transmission and disease.

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Section: Organ Culturesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Infectious Bronchitis

Jackwood¹,

Wit²

2019

Diseases of Poultry

106

146

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“…When CET explants are infected with virulent viruses, the viruses initially produce some patchy epithelial necrosis and destruction of fibroblast cells, later followed by continuous destruction of tracheal epithelium (Darbyshire, 1978). These phenomena may be used to determine the pathogenicity of NDV strains.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The main difference between the changes produced by virulent and avirulent strains of NDV when grown in tracheal cells is the rate at which necrosis occurs. Virulent strains produce necrosis more rapidly and more severely than avirulent strains; however, all strains eventually result in destruction of tracheal cells (Darbyshire, 1978).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…The advantage of growing NDV in the tracheal in situ is that the functional activity of the ciliated epithelium can be observed as a response to virus infection, whereby ciliostasis is used as a marker to monitor the infection dynamics (Darbyshire, 1978). Because of this, tracheal explants are considered good models for study of the effects of NDV on the respiratory tracts of chickens in place of using live birds.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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Comparative Propagation of shape Newcastle disease virus (Strains I-2 and V4) on Chicken Embryo Tracheal Explants

Wambura

2006

Vet Res Commun

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“…Recently we reported a survey of 84 outbreaks of suspected tenosynovitis from which reoviruses and adenoviruses were recovered in equal numbers from the legs of affected birds (Jones et al, 1981). In a review on the use of organ cultures in the study of avian viruses, Darbyshire (1980) indicated how the specificity of the latter for various tissues may be determined in explants and the principal target organs of in vivo infections identified. Differences in virulence between strains can be demonstrated by comparing the susceptibility of organ cultures of various tissues as has been done for infectious bronchitis virus (Darbyshire et al, 1978).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Organ culture studies on adenoviruses isolated from Tenosynovitis in chickens

Georgiou

Jones²,

Guneratne³

1983

Avian Pathology

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SUMMARYFive strains of adenovirus isolated from tenosynovitis in chickens were examined for their ability to grow in vitro in pieces of explanted tendon from 20-day-old chicken embryos from light or heavy breeds. Replicate tendon organ cultures (TOCs) were infected with three concentrations of each strain of virus and supernatant fluids were assayed for virus at intervals after infection up to 11 days. Two strains grew well in TOC, one moderately well, and the other two failed to grow. A strain of Newcastle disease virus (NDV), an agent not associated with tenosynovitis, also failed to grow. TOC from broiler embryos seemed slightly more susceptible to the two actively growing viruses than expiants from a light breed. Growth of the adenovirus was demonstrated by immunofluorescence staining of sections of TOC but the appearance of stained antigen was dependent on virus titre.

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Organ culture in avian virology: A review

Cited by 6 publications

References 42 publications

Infectious Bronchitis

Infectious Bronchitis

Comparative Propagation of shape Newcastle disease virus (Strains I-2 and V4) on Chicken Embryo Tracheal Explants

Organ culture studies on adenoviruses isolated from Tenosynovitis in chickens

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