Oregano extract fed to pre-weaned dairy calves. Part 1: Effects on intake, digestibility, body weight, and rumen and intestinal bacteria microbiota

Ritt, L.A.; Orso, C.; Silveira, Alexandre Kleber; Frazzon, Jeverson; Vargas, D.P. de; Wagner, Róger; Oliveira, Fabrízzio Condé de; Nörnberg, J.L.; Fischer, Vívian

doi:10.1016/j.livsci.2023.105165

Cited by 3 publications

(3 citation statements)

References 43 publications

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“…Growth performance is closely related to animal health, and improving the growth performance of animals is a critical factor in promoting their healthy growth [ 26 ]. The addition of oregano essential oil to the calf diet significantly enhanced the open feed intake and daily weight gain of calves [ 27 ]. The addition of a mixture of cinnamon, thyme and peppermint essential oils fed in the basal diet of goats significantly increased the weaning weight and total body weight of goats as compared to the control group [ 28 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oregano Essential Oil as a Natural Plant Additive Affects Growth Performance and Serum Antibody Levels by Regulating the Rumen Microbiota of Calves

Luo,

Liu,

Cairang

et al. 2024

Animals

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This experiment aimed to investigate whether supplementation of calves with different doses of oregano essential oil (OEO) could promote the development of the gastrointestinal tract and enhance the immune ability of calves by regulating the rumen microbiota. Twenty-four 70-day-old healthy and disease-free Holstein male calves were randomly divided into four groups, with the control group fed a basal diet, and the treatment group provided 4 g, 6 g, and 8 g of oregano essential oil per day in addition to the basal diet. After the 14-day pre-test, a 56-day formal test was conducted. At days 0 and 56 of the standard test period, calves were weighed, the average daily weight gain of calves during the test period was calculated, and serum samples were collected to measure the concentration of immunoglobulins (IgA, IgG, and IgM) in the serum; at day 56 of the formal test period, rumen fluid was collected from the calves, and 16SrRNA was sequenced to analyze changes in the rumen microbiota of the calves. The changes in the rumen microbiota of calves were analyzed by 16SrRNA sequencing. The results of the study showed that (1) OEO supplementation in calves significantly increased end weight and average daily gain (p < 0.05); (2) OEO supplementation in calves significantly increased serum concentrations of immunoglobulins IgA and IgM (p < 0.05); (3) OEO supplementation in calves significantly increased the abundance and diversity of rumen microbial organisms (p < 0.05); (4) OEO supplementation in calves significantly regulates the relative abundance of some species, and biomarkers with significant differences were screened by LEfSe analysis: g_Turicibacter, g_Romboutsia, f_Peptostreptococcaceae, f_Clostridiaceae, g_Clostridium_sensu_stricto_1, o_Clostridiales, g_unclassified_f_Synergistaceae, c_Coriobacteriia, o_Coriobacteriales, f_Atopobiaceae, g_Olsenella, p_Actinobacteriota, g_Defluviitaleaceae_UCG-011, f_Defluviitaleaceae, o_Corynebacteriales, g_Corynebacterium, f_Corynebacteriaceae, g_Shuttleworthia, f_Hungateiclostridiaceae, o_norank_c_Clostridia, g_Saccharofermentans, g_Streptococcus, f_Streptococcaceae, g_unclassified_o_Oscillospirales, and f_unclassified_o_Oscillospirales (p < 0.05, LDA ≥ 3); and (5) OEO supplementation in calves significantly enriched the metabolism of cofactors and vitamins pathway (p < 0.05). (6) Using Superman’s correlation analysis, we screened unclassified_c_Clostridia, Shuttleworthia, and Christensenellaceae_R-7_group, three beneficial strains for calves. (7) Daily supplementation with 8g of OEO significantly affected rumen microbiota regulation in calves.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oregano Essential Oil as a Natural Plant Additive Affects Growth Performance and Serum Antibody Levels by Regulating the Rumen Microbiota of Calves

Luo,

Liu,

Cairang

et al. 2024

Animals

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“…The regulation of bacterial abundance in the gut was also exerted in calves after the administration of oregano extracts. Their supplementation at 60 mg/kg body weight per day increased the diversity of rumen and jejunum bacterial population, affecting the abundance of both Gram-positive and -negative bacteria in the gut [72]. A decrease in potentially pathogenic genera such Streptococcus, Escherichia, and Clostridium was measured with a concomitant decrease in the population of Bifidobacterium in the jejunum and cecum.…”

Section: Effects Of Essential Oils On Gut Microbiotamentioning

confidence: 97%

Essential Oil Supplementation in Small Ruminants: A Review on Their Possible Role in Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota, and Animal Production

Caroprese,

Ciliberti,

Marino

et al. 2023

Dairy

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Essential oils are bioactive compounds, originating from the secondary metabolism of plants, recognized for their ability to modify rumen fermentation, gut health, and to function as antioxidant molecules in small ruminants. Indeed, small ruminant-derived products, such as milk, dairy, and meat can benefit from the utilization of essential oils, that have demonstrated antimicrobial, antioxidant and anti-inflammatory affects, in the animals’ diet. This review reports on the findings that demonstrates the possible role of essential oils in controlling greenhouse gas emissions from ruminants through the modulation of ruminal microbial populations, in sustaining animal health and welfare by affecting the gut microbiota, and in ameliorating animals’ products through enhancement of their nutritional composition from a human diet perspective. However, the current review highlighting the inconclusive findings related to the use of essential oils in small ruminant nutrition, supports the need of further studies to better understand the administration of how essential oils and to explore their specific actions at the molecular level.

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“…In each experiment, calves were blocked by birth date and randomly assigned to one of three treatments: control (CON) -with no addition of plant extracts into the diet; oregano extract (OE) -addition of 70 mg/kg BW of oregano extract into the diet; and green tea extract (GT) -addition of 35 mg/kg BW of green tea extract into the diet. Oregano and green tea extract doses were settled based on previous studies (Heisler et al, 2020;Ritt et al, 2023). Adjustment in the quantity of plant extracts was performed every 15 days according to the BW of the animals.…”

Section: Location Description Animals and Managementmentioning

confidence: 99%

Plant extracts supplied to pre-weaned dairy calves influence their redox status

Paris,

Stivanin,

Heisler

et al. 2024

Sem. Ci. Agr.

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This study aimed to evaluate the effects of the separate provision of green and oregano tea extracts on the biomarkers of the redox state and health condition in pre-weaned Jersey calves from birth to 60 days of life. Two experiments following the complete randomized design with measures repeated in time were carried out using 38 Jersey calves (17 and 21 calves in experiments 1 and 2, respectively). Calves were distributed according to date of birth into one of three groups: control (CON) - with no addition of extracts; oregano extract (OE) - addition of 70 mg of oregano extract/kg of body weight (BW) and green tea extract (GT) - addition of 35 mg of green tea extract/kg of BW. Eight biomarkers of the redox state were evaluated on days 1, 30, and 60 after birth, and variables measured on day 1 were used as covariates. Body temperature and occurrence of diarrhea were evaluated every two days. Regarding the main results, the supply of oregano extract reduced the concentration of oxidizing biomarkers, such as DCFP (oxidation of dichlorofluorescein in plasma) and carbonyl, and increased the activity of antioxidant enzymes, such as GPx and catalase. Green tea extract only reduced DCFP and tended to improve catalase activity. Calves remained healthy (no fever and only a few days with diarrhea), and plant extracts did not improve their health condition. The addition of green tea and oregano extracts into the diet has a positive effect on redox status in pre-weaned Jersey calves.

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Oregano extract fed to pre-weaned dairy calves. Part 1: Effects on intake, digestibility, body weight, and rumen and intestinal bacteria microbiota

Cited by 3 publications

References 43 publications

Oregano Essential Oil as a Natural Plant Additive Affects Growth Performance and Serum Antibody Levels by Regulating the Rumen Microbiota of Calves

Oregano Essential Oil as a Natural Plant Additive Affects Growth Performance and Serum Antibody Levels by Regulating the Rumen Microbiota of Calves

Essential Oil Supplementation in Small Ruminants: A Review on Their Possible Role in Rumen Fermentation, Microbiota, and Animal Production

Plant extracts supplied to pre-weaned dairy calves influence their redox status

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