Ordered Solid‐State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers Arising from Solution‐State Aggregation

Yao, Ze‐Fan; Wang, Zi‐Yuan; Wu, Hang; Lü, Yang; Li, Qi‐Yi; Zou, Lin; Wang, Jie‐Yu; Pei, Jian

doi:10.1002/ange.202007589

Cited by 12 publications

(7 citation statements)

References 43 publications

(76 reference statements)

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“…In light of this, we speculate that the stacking of conjugated backbone is mainly formed in solvent volatilization for these weakly crystalline polymers, which usually have an excellent solubility ( 32 ). A slower crystallization rate of side chains is expected not to interfere with the orderly stacking of the backbone ( 38 ). In brief, by reducing the crystallization rate of side chains, the π-π stacking was enhanced in these TBDOPV-T polymers.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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The charge transport properties of conjugated polymers are commonly limited by the energetic disorder. Recently, several amorphous conjugated polymers with planar backbone conformations and low energetic disorder have been investigated for applications in field-effect transistors and thermoelectrics. However, there is a lack of strategy to finely tune the interchain π-π contacts of these polymers that severely restricts the energetic disorder of interchain charge transport. Here, we demonstrate that it is feasible to achieve excellent conductivity and thermoelectric performance in polymers based on thiophene-fused benzodifurandione oligo( p -phenylenevinylene) through reducing the crystallization rate of side chains and, in this way, carefully controlling the degree of interchain π-π contacts. N-type (p-type) conductivities of more than 100 S cm −1 (400 S cm −1 ) and power factors of more than 200 μW m −1 K −2 (100 μW m −1 K −2 ) were achieved within a single polymer doped by different dopants. It further demonstrated the state-of-the-art power output of the first flexible single-polymer thermoelectric generator.

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Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer

Wang

et al. 2023

Sci. Adv.

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“…S9, ESI †), we only observed round particles on the wafer rather than large thin sheets seen on other conjugated polymers assembled by strong p-p stacking. 45,46 The thicker LP film (40 nm) was prepared by drop-casting chloroform solution onto the silicon wafer, and the GI-WAXS result only showed a broad isotropic scattering peak without a strong scattering profile (Fig. S10, ESI †), indicating an amorphous nature of the LP aggregates.…”

Section: Resultsmentioning

confidence: 99%

Robust chain aggregation of low-entropy rigid ladder polymers in solution

Leng

et al. 2022

J. Mater. Chem. C

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“…Most n-doping processes occur in solution, but the effects of aggregation behavior of intrinsic or doped polymers on ndoping efficiency are usually ignored. 60 (3) The novel n-doping approach. The current n-doping approaches are often classified as ground state charge transfer and thermally activated charge transfer, while the other stimulus-response methods need to be introduced to broaden the range of application, such as photochemistry and mechanochemistry methods.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Achieving Efficient n-Doping of Conjugated Polymers by Molecular Dopants

2021

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Metrics & MoreArticle Recommendations CONSPECTUS: Molecular doping is one of the most central propositions in the field of organic electronics. Unlike classical inorganic semiconductors doped by atomic substitution, organic conjugated materials react with molecular dopants, and then intermolecular charge transfer is involved within. Therefore, the complex noncovalent interactions between two components often cause the molecular dopant to destroy the orderly stacking of the host organic materials and reduce the original properties of the material, such as carrier mobility, which here we call the "doping dilemma." Recently, many studies focus on improving p-doping efficiency and electrical conductivity of doped conjugated polymers; however, the development of n-type molecular doping currently lags far behind that of its p-counterpart. It is well-known that both efficient p-and n-type molecular doping are indispensable in various organic electronic devices, including light-emitting diodes, photovoltaics, field-effect transistors, and thermoelectrics. It is thus an urgent requirement to achieve efficient n-doping in conjugated polymers.In this Account, we give a brief overview of our efforts to improve the n-doping efficiency in conjugated polymers with several strategies from the aspects of the polymer/dopant molecular design and the exploration of the ntype molecular doping mechanism and charge transport mechanism in n-doped organic materials. For the conjugated polymer engineering, we first demonstrate that increasing the electron affinity of the host polymer through halogen substitution can boost the n-doping efficiency. Still, the rigid coplanar backbones of conjugated polymers play a crucial role in the polaron delocalization and final electrical performance. In addition, we emphasize the importance of morphology control in the doped polymers to address the "doping dilemma." For n-dopants designing, we summarize some basic guidelines from molecular sizes and shapes, the interaction between dopants (or dopant cations) and polymers, and the effects of dopants on morphology to design high-efficacy n-type molecular dopants. We propose that the polymers and the dopants need to be treated as a whole system; while enhancing the ionization efficiency, more attention should be paid to the carrierization (free-carrier generation) efficiency of these binary systems.In the end, we adopt the n-type polymer thermoelectric material as an example to discuss the grand challenges encountered in practical applications of n-doped conjugated polymers. The air stability and micrometer-thick thermo-leg processing of n-doped polymers are highlighted for thermoelectric applications. It is our hope that this Account showcases a blueprint for rational approaches and a deep understanding toward the design and development of efficient n-doping in conjugated polymers, bringing ndoped organic materials into the next era.

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Ordered Solid‐State Microstructures of Conjugated Polymers Arising from Solution‐State Aggregation

Cited by 12 publications

References 43 publications

High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer

High n-type and p-type conductivities and power factors achieved in a single conjugated polymer

Robust chain aggregation of low-entropy rigid ladder polymers in solution

Achieving Efficient n-Doping of Conjugated Polymers by Molecular Dopants

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