Ordered Arrays of Large Latex Particles Organized by Vertical Deposition

Goldenberg, Leonid M.; Wagner, Jürgen; Stumpe, Joachim; Paulke, Bernd-Reiner; Görnitz, Eckhard

doi:10.1021/la015659c

Cited by 118 publications

(83 citation statements)

References 28 publications

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“…Additionally, more particles are delivered towards the crystal growth front by a water flux that is build up by the evaporation of water in the monolayer (Figure 3.3.2). The process is able to produce monolayers [52][53] as well as ordered three-dimensional crystals. [54] The major drawback of the process is the large number of process parameters that need to be controlled in order to yield 24 Theory continuous monolayers.…”

Section: Vertical and Horizontal Deposition (Convective Assembly)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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This thesis focuses on the controlled assembly of monodisperse polymer colloids into ordered two-dimensional arrangements. These assemblies, commonly referred to as colloidal monolayers, are subsequently used as masks for the generation of arrays of complex metal nanostructures on solid substrates.The motivation of the research presented here is twofold. First, monolayer crystallization methods were developed to simplify the assembly of colloids and to produce more complex arrangements of colloids in a precise way. Second, various approaches to colloidal lithography are designed with the aim to include novel features or functions to arrays of metal nanostructures.The air/water interface was exploited for the crystallization of colloidal monolayer architectures as it combines a two-dimensional confinement with a high lateral mobility of the colloids that is beneficial for the creation of high long range order. A direct assembly of colloids is presented that provides a cheap, fast and conceptually simple methodology for the preparation of ordered colloidal monolayers. The produced two-dimensional crystals can be transformed into nonclose-packed architectures by a plasma-induced size reduction step, thus providing valuable masks for more sophisticated lithographic processes. Finally, the controlled co-assembly of binary colloidal crystals with defined stoichiometries on a Langmuir trough is introduced and characterized with respect to accessible configurations and size ratios.Several approaches to lithography are presented that aim at introducing different features to colloidal lithography. First, using metal-complex containing latex particles, the synthesis of which is described as well, symmetric arrays of metal nanoparticles can be created by controlled combustion of the organic material of the colloids. The process does not feature an inherent limit in nanoparticle size and is able to produce complex materials as will be demonstrated for FePt alloy particles. Precise control over both size and spacing of the particle array is presented.Second, two lithographic processes are introduced to create sophisticated nanoparticle dimer units consisting of two crescent shaped nanostructures in close proximity; essentially by using a single colloid as mask to generate two structures simultaneously. Strong coupling processes of the parental plasmon resonances of the two objects are observed that are accompanied by high near-field enhancements. A plasmon hybridization model is elaborated to explain all polarization dependent shifts of the resonance positions. Last, a technique to produce laterally patterned, ultra-flat substrates without surface topographies by embedding gold nanoparticles in a silicon dioxide matrix is applied to construct robust and re-usable sensing architectures and to introduce an approach for the nanoscale patterning of solid supported lipid bilayer membranes.

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Section: Vertical and Horizontal Deposition (Convective Assembly)mentioning

confidence: 99%

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Vogel

2012

Springer Theses

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“…Gravitational sedimentation [17][18][19] or sedimentation forced by different agents as electrostatic immobilization [20], colloidal crystal templating [21], shear alignment [22], oscillatory shear [23] or flow assisted electrophoresis [24,25] and vertical deposition [26][27][28], which is the technique we have selected, are some examples. The efficiency of the vertical deposition [9,29], relies on the balance between solvent evaporation and particle sedimentation.…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

On the parameters influencing the deposition of polystyrene colloidal crystals

Yoldi

Arcos

Paulke

et al. 2008

Materials Science and Engineering: C

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Colloidal crystals of polystyrene particles of 1.0, 1.4 and 2.8 μm diameter have been prepared by vertical deposition. The influence of parameters such as temperature, particle size and concentration as well as dispersion medium has been studied. The size of domain and the crystalline structure of the particle arrays have been analyzed by optical microscopy. The quality of the crystals has been improved (minimizing cracks) by controlling sedimentation (density matching), evaporation (volatility of the medium) and drying (co-solvents).

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“…9,14,16 We used several different substrate materials including silicon, glass, and polyurethane (Norland OA 71 and 73) -coated glass. Results were always best using silicon substrates.…”

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confidence: 99%

Template-Induced Growth of Close-Packed and Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Crystals during Solvent Evaporation

et al. 2004

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Template-induced colloidal deposition during solvent evaporation is a promising technique for extending the possibilities of nanosphere lithography and the creation of photonic band gap materials. We investigated the influence of the parameters that determine the surface topography of templates on colloidal crystal structure. On pillar-shaped templates, large defect-free square symmetric monolayers, ordered vacancy arrays, and body-centered cubic (bcc) and simple cubic (sc) colloidal crystals could be grown. Close-packed crystals displayed defects and large defect grains. Our results indicate that this may be avoided when the direction of gravity with respect to the substrate is changed.The ability of colloids to self-assemble into 2D and 3D crystalline structures lies at the heart of many studies in nanoand micrometer-scale materials science. 1 Especially in the field of photonic band gap materials, colloidal crystals are being routinely used.2 Furthermore, 2D and thin 3D colloidal crystals can be used as a mask for creating regular arrays of nanometer-sized features with a technique called nanosphere lithography.3-5 One of the simplest and most frequently used techniques for assembling 2D and 3D colloidal crystals is colloidal crystallization during solvent evaporation. [6][7][8][9] Apart from its simplicity and low cost, the main advantages of the technique are (i) the possibility to grow millimeter-sized single crystals with a hexagonal (111) orientation of the top surface and (ii) the possibility to control the thickness of the deposited crystal by varying the initial particle volume fraction. 7 A major limitation is that the crystal symmetry and 3D orientation of the crystal cannot be influenced. The use of a patterned substrate, or template, provides the possibility to direct colloidal crystallization epitaxially. 10 Recent experiments on colloidal epitaxy under equilibrium conditions have shown the growth of crystal structures that are metastable in bulk crystallization and thus would not grow without the use of the template. 11,12 Several papers have reported results on template-induced colloidal assembly during solvent evaporation, but the systems consisted of (repeated 13 ) 2D deposits of micrometer-scale particles 14 or showed the frequent occurrence of defects and a lack of long-range order. 15In this letter, we demonstrate the templated growth of 100-nm-radius particles in colloidal crystals with close-packed and non-close-packed symmetry. The crystals were grown by convective assembly on a substrate placed in a vertical setup (i.e., parallel to gravity). We will address the influence of various parameters that determine the template topography on 2D and 3D colloidal crystal structure. Our results indicate that the direction of the gravitational field plays a crucial role in template-directed convective assembly.Silica particles with diameters of d ) 202 and 220 nm (polydispersity σ ≈ 0.005) were deposited onto a substrate that was vertically placed in a slowly evaporating dispersion in eth...

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Ordered Arrays of Large Latex Particles Organized by Vertical Deposition

Cited by 118 publications

References 28 publications

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

Surface Patterning with Colloidal Monolayers

On the parameters influencing the deposition of polystyrene colloidal crystals

Template-Induced Growth of Close-Packed and Non-Close-Packed Colloidal Crystals during Solvent Evaporation

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