Orchestrating an Effective Formulation to Investigate the Impact of EMSs (Energy Management Systems) for Residential Units Prior to Installation

Abstract

Demand Response (DR) programs under the umbrella of Demand Side Management (DSM) tend to involve end users in optimizing their Power Consumption (PC) patterns and offer financial incentives to shift the load at "low-priced" hours. However, users have their own preferences of anticipating the amount of consumed electricity. While installing an Energy Management System (EMS), the user must be assured that this investment gives optimum comfort of bill savings, as well as appliance utility considering Time of Use (ToU). Moreover, there is a difference between desired load distribution and optimally-scheduled load across a 24-h time frame for lowering electricity bills. This difference in load usage timings, if it is beyond the tolerance level of a user, increases frustration. The comfort level is a highly variable phenomenon. An EMS giving optimum comfort to one user may not be able to provide the same level of satisfaction to another who has different preferences regarding electricity bill savings or appliance utility. Under such a diversity of human behaviors, it is difficult to select an EMS for an individual user. In this work, a numeric performance metric,"User Comfort Level (UCL)" is formulated on the basis of user preferences on cost saving, tolerance in delay regarding use of an appliance and return of investment. The proposed framework (UCL) allows the user to select an EMS optimally that suits his.her preferences well by anticipating electricity bill reduction, tolerable delay in ToU of the appliance and return on investment. Furthermore, an extended literature analysis is conducted demonstrating generic strategies of EMSs. Five major building blocks are discussed and a comparative analysis is presented on the basis of the proposed performance metric.

A review on optimization strategies integrating renewable energy sources focusing uncertainty factor – Paving path to eco-friendly smart cities

“…The scope of demand response mainly rests with the residential sector, which is more flexible and load shifting can be done easily onto less crucial timings. That is the reason that numerous energy management schemes are proposed in the literature that deals with single home regarding autonomous and ubiquitous load shifting mechanisms or with communities [132] [133]. Integrating small scale RE sources at community or individual levels along with ESSs are also in the limelight of research arena [35].…”

RPSMDSM: Residential Power Scheduling and Modelling for Demand Side Management

“…The new opportunities offered by SG technologies, become an increasing issue for electrical systems and hence such flexibilities can be an effective way of minimizing peak electricity demand. Such opportunities could permit to keep away from using expensive power plants, with high variant costs along with essential air emissions [17]. Flexibilities will be crucial to ensure the network reliability, with an increasing part of fluctuating renewable production sources.…”

“…The researchers in papers [2], [17], and [24] have addressed DSM with focus on achieving load control of devices using scheduling. But they have not addressed the gap between demand and supply.…”