Orbitofrontal Dysfunction in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives

Chamberlain, Samuel R.; Menzies, Lara; Hampshire, Adam; Suckling, John; Fineberg, Naomi; Campo, Natalia del; Aitken, Michael R. F.; Craig, Katy; Owen, Adrian M.; Bullmore, Edward T.; Robbins, Trevor W.; Sahakian, Barbara J.

doi:10.1126/science.1154433

Cited by 489 publications

(408 citation statements)

References 17 publications

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“…NJREs might also be considered (and investigated) as a putative marker for OCD, in the same way in which the construct Anxiety Sensitivity (AS) is deemed a psychological marker of anxiety disorders in general and panic disorder in particular (e.g., Brown, Smits, Powers, & Telch, 2003;Rapee & Medoro, 1994;Schmidt, Lerew, & Jackson, 1997;Smits, Powers, Cho, & Telch, 2004; see literature on endophenotypes, Chamberlain et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of specificity: “Not just right experiences” and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals

Ghisi

Chiri

Marchetti

et al. 2010

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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The cognitive model of OCD proposes that certain beliefs may contribute to the development and maintenance of this disorder. To date, however, it is not yet clear which beliefs are more relevant for explaining OCD symptomatology; moreover, their causal status is yet to be clearly established. In the effort to identify other constructs and processes related to OCD, the phenomenon labeled "not just right experiences" (NJREs) has received increasing attention. In this study, measures of NJREs (the NJRE-Q-R), OCD symptoms, general distress (i.e., anxiety, and depression), and perfectionism were administered to a large sample of college students and a small sample of OCD and non-OCD patients. The clinical sample completed also a measure of OC beliefs. Results showed that NJREs could be reliably measured through a self-report format in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals. A specific association between NJREs severity and OCD symptoms was found in the non-clinical sample, after controlling for anxiety, depression and perfectionism. The NJRE-Q-R Severity scale clearly discriminated OCD patients from patients with other anxiety disorders or depression. Lastly, the NJREs measure differentiated the clinical groups when OC beliefs were controlled, whereas OC beliefs did not discriminate among the groups after NJREs severity was controlled. The concept of NJREs may contribute to improve current psychological and biological model of OCD.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

In search of specificity: “Not just right experiences” and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals

Ghisi

Chiri

Marchetti

et al. 2010

Journal of Anxiety Disorders

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“…The OFC is likely related to deficits of cognitive regulation of emotionally salient information. Accordingly, Chamberlain et al (2008)recently showed that, in comparison with HC, lateral OFC activation is reduced during a task that assesses behavioral flexibility in OCD patients and in unaffected relatives. These findings suggest that the lateral OFC could have a central function in cognitive flexibility deficits and, thus, in the genesis of pathological habits (Chamberlain et al, 2008).…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Gray Matter Alterations in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Anatomic Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

Rotgé

Langbour

Guehl

et al. 2009

Neuropsychopharmacol

202

152

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Many voxel-based morphometry (VBM) studies have found abnormalities in gray matter density (GMD) in obsessive-compulsive disorder (OCD). Here, we performed a quantitative meta-analysis of VBM studies contrasting OCD patients with healthy controls (HC). A literature search identified 10 articles that included 343 OCD patients and 318 HC. Anatomic likelihood estimation meta-analyses were performed to assess GMD changes in OCD patients relative to HC. GMD was smaller in parieto-frontal cortical regions, including the supramarginal gyrus, the dorsolateral prefrontal cortex, and the orbitofrontal cortex, and greater in the basal ganglia (putamen) and the anterior prefrontal cortex in OCD patients relative to HC. No significant differences were found between children and adults. Our findings indicate differences in GMD in parieto-frontal areas and the basal ganglia between OCD patients and HC. We conclude that structural abnormalities within the prefrontal-basal ganglia network are involved in OCD pathophysiology.

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“…tDCS was chosen as it can modulate intrinsic neuronal activity using a weak, constant electrical current (Nitsche et al., 2008) to facilitate cognitive processing including learning and memory (Asthana et al., 2013; Coffman, Clark, & Parasuraman, 2014; Mungee et al., 2014). This work aligns with the rapidly growing body of research that indicates tDCS may have beneficial effects for psychiatric conditions associated with altered prefrontal activity or connectivity, including depression (Drevets, Price, & Furey, 2008), schizophrenia (Meyer‐Lindenberg et al., 2002), and obsessive–compulsive disorder (Chamberlain et al., 2008). For instance, recent studies have demonstrated tDCS to reduce severity of depression (Brunoni et al., 2013, 2016; Shiozawa et al., 2014) as well as promising results to reduce severity of symptoms associated with schizophrenia (Brunelin et al., 2012; Hoy, Arnold, Emonson, Daskalakis, & Fitzgerald, 2014).…”

Section: Introductionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Transcranial direct current stimulation may modulate extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder

et al. 2017

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BackgroundAbnormalities in fear extinction and recall are core components of posttraumatic stress disorder (PTSD). Data from animal and human studies point to a role of the ventromedial prefrontal cortex (vmPFC) in extinction learning and subsequent retention of extinction memories. Given the increasing interest in developing noninvasive brain stimulation protocols for psychopathology treatment, we piloted whether transcranial direct current stimulation (tDCS) during extinction learning, vs. during consolidation of extinction learning, might improve extinction recall in veterans with warzone‐related PTSD.MethodsTwenty‐eight veterans with PTSD completed a 2‐day Pavlovian fear conditioning, extinction, and recall paradigm. Participants received one 10‐min session of 2 mA anodal tDCS over AF3, intended to target the vmPFC. Fourteen received tDCS that started simultaneously with extinction learning onset, and the remaining 14 participants received tDCS during extinction consolidation. Normalized skin conductance reactivity (SCR) was the primary outcome measure. Linear mixed effects models were used to test for effects of tDCS on late extinction and early extinction recall 24 hr later.ResultsDuring early recall, veterans who received tDCS during extinction consolidation showed slightly lower SCR in response to previously extinguished stimuli as compared to veterans who received tDCS simultaneous with extinction learning (p = .08), generating a medium effect size (Cohen's d = .38). There was no significant effect of tDCS on SCR during late extinction.ConclusionsThese preliminary findings suggest that testing the effects of tDCS during consolidation of fear extinction may have promise as a way of enhancing extinction recall.

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Orbitofrontal Dysfunction in Patients with Obsessive-Compulsive Disorder and Their Unaffected Relatives

Cited by 489 publications

References 17 publications

In search of specificity: “Not just right experiences” and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals

In search of specificity: “Not just right experiences” and obsessive–compulsive symptoms in non-clinical and clinical Italian individuals

Gray Matter Alterations in Obsessive–Compulsive Disorder: An Anatomic Likelihood Estimation Meta-Analysis

Transcranial direct current stimulation may modulate extinction memory in posttraumatic stress disorder

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