Orbitofrontal cortex

Patients with ventromedial prefrontal lesions show an implicit approach bias to angry faces

“…Here, subjects committed more errors than controls in an implicit version of the AAT, which is suggestive of difficulties in ignoring task-irrelevant stimulus features. This observation concurs with other studies in showing that OFC patients are more susceptible to distraction by to-be-ignored stimulus characteristics (Mäki-Marttunen et al 2017;Kuusinen et al 2018), and agrees with the general idea that OFC damage hinders the implementation of goal-directed behavior (Rudebeck and Rich 2018). Moreover, error rates were associated with greater self-reported impulsivity and disinhibition in OFC patients, as well as with worse emotional control and self-monitoring.…”

“…The present results broadly converge with clinical (Blair 2004), volumetric (Chester et al 2017), and functional (Beyer et al 2015;Gilam et al 2015) studies asserting that the OFC is essential for the regulation of aggressive urges. However, our data further indicate that the OFC does not merely suppress automatic impulses but rather directs the course of approach-avoidance reactions, in line with recent proposals (Hiser and Koenigs 2018;Rudebeck and Rich 2018), and with the well-known association between damage to this region and disadvantageous decision-making (Koenigs and Tranel 2007). Given that the OFC is involved in the anticipation and evaluation of actions related to certain stimuli (Wilson et al 2014), we suggest that OFC dysfunction gives rise to an altered processing of threat signals.…”

Economic Decisions through Circuit Inhibition

“…There is broad consensus that binary choices between goods are formed in the OFC [9,[35][36][37][38], but current notions were almost exclusively derived from studies where two offers were presented simultaneously. Yet in many real-life decisions, offers appear or are examined sequentially.…”

Cytoarchitectonic Characterization and Functional Decoding of Four New Areas in the Human Lateral Orbitofrontal Cortex

“…Tasks that require quick responses while retrieving information from the long-term and working memory also showed activations in the lateral OFC. This region seems to create an interconnecting role between the frontal cortex and the hippocampus (Ross et al, 2013;Deng et al, 2017;Rudebeck and Rich, 2018). Another functional study separated the OFC into a medial and a lateral portion (Zald et al, 2014).…”