Oral White Sponge Nevus: An Exceptional Differential Diagnosis in Childhood

Elfatoiki, Fatima Zahra; Capatas, S.; Skali, Hayat Dahbi; Hali, F.; Attar, H. El; Chiheb, S.

doi:10.1155/2020/9296768

Cited by 10 publications

(18 citation statements)

References 8 publications

(8 reference statements)

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“…In this study, the WSN was diagnosed based on clinical presentation, pathological features, and gene sequencing results. Clinically, WSN should be differentiated from other oral white spot diseases, mainly including oral lichen planus, oral candidiasis, oral white edema, and Heck’s disease ( Table 2 ) [ 3 , 28 , 29 ]. Other diseases such as congenital thick nail disease, follicular keratosis, lupus erythematosus, secondary syphilis, condyloma acuminata, dyskeratosis congenita, and squamous cell carcinoma may also have similar localized oral lesions [ 29 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…According to previous reports, when misdiagnosed as candidiasis and treated with antifungal therapy, there was no effect. On the other hand, when misdiagnosed as lichen planus, the lesion expanded after topical application of steroid ointment for two weeks [ 2 , 28 ]. When patients with WSN have a burning sensation or other symptoms, dissimilar treatment modalities can be selected according to different conditions.…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

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White Sponge Nevus Caused by Keratin 4 Gene Mutation: A Case Report

Qiao

Liu

Bai

et al. 2022

Genes

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White sponge nevus (WSN) is a rare autosomal dominant disease with a family history, often caused by mutations of the keratin 4 (K4) and keratin 13 (K13) genes in patients. It is characterized by frequently occurred white corrugated folds in the bilateral buccal mucosa with soft texture. On histopathological examination, hyperkeratosis of epithelial cells, edema, and vacuolar changes in the spinous cells are observed in the lesions, despite a normal layer of basal cells. WSN should be differentiated from other oral white spot diseases, mainly oral lichen planus, oral candidiasis, oral white edema, and Heck’s disease, to reduce misdiagnosis and unnecessary treatment. At present, there is no specific treatment method. The purpose of this study was to report the clinical data of four WSN patients of the same family with the K4 gene mutation. The occurrence of WSN in a pair of monozygotic twins with very similar clinical presentations was identified for the first time. The gene sequencing results showed that there was a heterozygous deletion (C. 438_440delCAA) in exon 1 of the K4 gene, resulting in an aspartic acid loss in both the proband and his father. Finally, the etiology, pathogenesis, pathological manifestations, clinical manifestations, diagnosis, differential diagnosis, and related treatment methods are discussed to provide a reference for clinical treatment of the disease.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

White Sponge Nevus Caused by Keratin 4 Gene Mutation: A Case Report

Qiao

Liu

Bai

et al. 2022

Genes

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“…For example, a six-year-old female in Casablanca, Morocco, presented to the dermatology department with chronic white lesions of the oral mucosa. No other family member reported similar symptoms, and no treatment was performed due to the benign and asymptomatic nature of the lesions [ 6 ]. A study conducted on tongue diseases in a Libyan population between July 2007 and February 2008 identified three patients with WSN exhibiting irregular epithelial surface keratosis on the lateral aspect of the tongue [ 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

A Case Report on Familial White Sponge Nevus in Saudi Arabia

Akeel¹,

AlFarabi²,

Binsaad³

et al. 2022

Cureus

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White sponge nevus (WSN) is an uncommon, benign, autosomal dominant disorder that usually appears at birth or in early childhood. It affects males and females equally and is caused by germ line mutations of the keratin genes leading to keratin instability and tonofilament aggregation. The condition causes painless, white, thickened, corrugated plaques to form on the oral mucosa, especially bilaterally on the buccal mucosa. Extra-orally, it occurs most often in the vaginal mucosa, as well as in the nasal and esophageal mucosa. In this report, we describe the case of a healthy 32-year-old Saudi male in Jizan in southern Saudi Arabia whose general dentist referred him to the oral medicine clinic at King Abdulaziz University Hospital, where he was diagnosed with white sponge nevus. The patient reported no medical problems and was a cigarette smoker for more than 10 years. An oral examination revealed white lesions affecting the buccal mucosa bilaterally and the labial mucosa. A biopsy of the buccal mucosa confirmed the diagnosis of white sponge nevus. Laser therapy was suggested for the aesthetic treatment of the lesions. Better awareness of this hereditary condition among dental professionals can help improve timely diagnoses early in life and thus avoid unnecessary or inadequate treatment for this benign condition.

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“…Lesions are clinically presented as uni- or bilateral white patches of thick, sponge-like, or velvety tissue which are non-scrapable [ 1 , 11 , 44 , 46 ]. They are most commonly found on the buccal mucosa but may also be located on the tongue surface, labial mucosa, mouth floor, and gingiva [ 1 , 46 , 49 , 50 ]. Usually, they are already present at birth or in early childhood and occasionally may develop during adolescence [ 1 , 41 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 51 ].…”

Section: Hereditary Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

“…They are most commonly found on the buccal mucosa but may also be located on the tongue surface, labial mucosa, mouth floor, and gingiva [ 1 , 46 , 49 , 50 ]. Usually, they are already present at birth or in early childhood and occasionally may develop during adolescence [ 1 , 41 , 45 , 47 , 50 , 51 ]. Differential diagnosis includes leukoplakia, chemical burns, trauma, irritation caused by tobacco smoke, and candidosis [ 1 , 11 , 47 , 48 , 51 ].…”

Section: Hereditary Diseasesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Oral Mucosal Lesions in Childhood

et al. 2022

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Childhood diseases are a continuous source of interest in all areas of general and dental medicine. Congenital, developmental, and hereditary diseases may either be present upon birth or appear in early childhood. Developmental anomalies, although often asymptomatic, may become grounds for different infections. Furthermore, they can indicate certain systemic disorders. Childhood age frequently brings about benign tumors and different types of traumatic lesions to the oral mucosa. Traumatic lesions can be caused by chemical, mechanical, or thermal injury. Mucocele and ranula are, by definition, traumatic injuries of the salivary glands or their ducts. Recurrent aphthous lesions are the most common type of ulcerations in childhood, and their etiology is considered multifactorial. Oral mucosal lesions in children require different treatment approaches depending on etiological factors and clinical presentation. Clinicians should have adequate knowledge of oral anatomy in order to diagnose and treat pathological conditions.

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Oral White Sponge Nevus: An Exceptional Differential Diagnosis in Childhood

Cited by 10 publications

References 8 publications

White Sponge Nevus Caused by Keratin 4 Gene Mutation: A Case Report

White Sponge Nevus Caused by Keratin 4 Gene Mutation: A Case Report

A Case Report on Familial White Sponge Nevus in Saudi Arabia

Oral Mucosal Lesions in Childhood

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