Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Concomitant Primary Tumors, What Do We Know? A Review of the Literature

Badwelan, Mohammed; Muaddi, Hasan A.; Ahmed, Abeer; Lee, Kyungjun T.; Tran, Simon D.

doi:10.3390/curroncol30040283

Cited by 42 publications

(15 citation statements)

References 68 publications

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“…Squamous cell carcinoma ranks as the world's sixth most frequently diagnosed malignancy within the craniofacial and cervical areas, encompassing the oral, laryngeal, and pharyngeal areas. It constitutes 90% of all oral malignancies and 40% of malignancies that affect the head and neck and is the prevailing neoplasm affecting the oral cavity [ 6 , 7 ].…”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Assisted Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Leukoplakia With Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nararyanan,

Sebastian,

Sulaikha

et al. 2024

Cureus

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Background Oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) and oral leukoplakia (OL) with dysplasia are closely linked conditions in the oral cavity, with the latter often indicating precancerous changes, underscoring the urgency of early detection and intervention. Histopathological confirmation is crucial for accurate diagnosis. The nucleolar organizer region (NOR), specifically analyzed through silver-staining (argyrophilic NORs), provides insights into nuclear changes associated with the lesion. Computer-assisted morphometric analysis enhances precision and objectivity in evaluating AgNOR-related parameters. Aim To conduct a computer-assisted morphometric comparison of AgNORs using various NOR-related parameters in cases of OSCC and leukoplakia with dysplasia and to evaluate their diagnostic significance. Materials and methods A computer-assisted morphometric analysis was conducted using various NOR-related parameters, such as nuclear profile area, single AgNOR profile area per nucleus, total AgNOR profile area per nucleus, and number of AgNOR profiles per nucleus on a total sample of 90 specimens, which includes leukoplakia with dysplasia (30), OSCC (30), and a control group, including 30 samples of normal oral mucosa. A comparison was conducted on the morphometric values between the groups under investigation. Tukey's multiple comparison tests and ANOVA were used to analyze the data and determine the differences between the groups. Results The present investigation revealed a significant difference in all four AgNOR-related parameters between leukoplakia and OSCC in comparison to the control group (normal oral mucosa). Comparing OL (41.78 ± 0.46) and OSCC (62.78 ± 0.47) to the control group (35.93 ± 0.99), the mean value of nuclear profile area (A Nuc) was significantly greater. In comparison to the control group (3.40 ± 0.09), the mean value of a single AgNOR profile area per nucleus (A NOR) was found to be relatively lower in both research groups, OL (2.00 ± 0.02) and OSCC (1.39 ± 0.01). The total AgNOR profile area per nucleus (TA NOR) had a mean value of 10.61 ± 0.69 in OL and 12.05 ± 0.28 in OSCC, respectively, compared to 7.82 ± 0.38 in the control group. The study found that there was more number of profiles of AgNORs per nucleus (n NOR) in the study groups of OL (5.30 ± 0.29) and OSCC (8.69 ± 0.19) than in the control group (2.32 ± 0.11). Conclusion The parameters linked to the NOR are biologically informative and easy to check regularly in a pathology lab. Additionally, AgNORs give us important information that enables us to study the range of nuclear changes in malignant and potentially malignant lesions.

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Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

Computer-Assisted Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Leukoplakia With Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Nararyanan,

Sebastian,

Sulaikha

et al. 2024

Cureus

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“…Colon cancer and oral squamous cell carcinoma (OSCC) are prevalent cancers with significant global impact 2 , 59 . They rank as the 3rd and 12th most common malignancies worldwide, respectively 2 , 60 .…”

Section: Role and Mechanisms Of Hoxb-as3 In Cancermentioning

confidence: 99%

A concise review of the regulatory, diagnostic, and prognostic implications of HOXB-AS3 in tumors

Wu,

Ye,

Zhang

et al. 2024

J. Cancer

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Recent studies have reported that HOXB-AS3 (HOXB Cluster Antisense RNA 3) is an intriguing molecule with dual functionality as a long noncoding RNA (lncRNA) and putative coding peptide in tumorigenesis and progression. The significant expression alterations of HOXB-AS3 were detected in diverse cancer types and closely correlated with clinical stage and patient survival. Furthermore, HOXB-AS3 was involved in a spectrum of biological processes in solid tumors and hematological malignancies, such as stemness, lipid metabolism, migration, invasion, and tumor growth. This review comprehensively analyzes its clinical relevance for diagnosis and prognosis across human tumors and summarizes its functional role and regulatory mechanisms in different malignant tumors, including liver cancer, acute myeloid leukemia, ovarian cancer, lung cancer, endometrial carcinoma, colon cancer, and oral squamous cell carcinoma. Overall, HOXB-AS3 emerges as a promising biomarker and novel therapeutic target in multiple human tumors.

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“…Head and neck squamous cell carcinoma (HNSCC) is the sixth most common cancer ranked by incidence and mortality globally, with most lesions in the oral cavityOSCC comprises more than 90% of all oral malignancies [46]. Even with rigrous treatment, recurrence, and metastasis are common, accounting for a poor survival rate of 20-40% [47].…”

Section: Egfr In Oral Cancer Treatment In Clinical Studiesmentioning

confidence: 99%

Repurposing EGFR Inhibitors for Oral Cancer Pain and Opioid Tolerance

Santi,

Zhang,

Liu

et al. 2023

Pharmaceuticals

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Oral cancer pain remains a significant public health concern. Despite the development of improved treatments, pain continues to be a debilitating clinical feature of the disease, leading to reduced oral mobility and diminished quality of life. Opioids are the gold standard treatment for moderate-to-severe oral cancer pain; however, chronic opioid administration leads to hyperalgesia, tolerance, and dependence. The aim of this review is to present accumulating evidence that epidermal growth factor receptor (EGFR) signaling, often dysregulated in cancer, is also an emerging signaling pathway critically involved in pain and opioid tolerance. We presented preclinical and clinical data to demonstrate how repurposing EGFR inhibitors typically used for cancer treatment could be an effective pharmacological strategy to treat oral cancer pain and to prevent or delay the development of opioid tolerance. We also propose that EGFR interaction with the µ-opioid receptor and glutamate N-methyl-D-aspartate receptor could be two novel downstream mechanisms contributing to pain and morphine tolerance. Most data presented here support that repurposing EGFR inhibitors as non-opioid analgesics in oral cancer pain is promising and warrants further research.

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Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma and Concomitant Primary Tumors, What Do We Know? A Review of the Literature

Cited by 42 publications

References 68 publications

Computer-Assisted Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Leukoplakia With Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

Computer-Assisted Morphometric Comparative Analysis of Argyrophilic Nucleolar Organizer Regions (AgNORs) in Leukoplakia With Dysplasia and Oral Squamous Cell Carcinoma

A concise review of the regulatory, diagnostic, and prognostic implications of HOXB-AS3 in tumors

Repurposing EGFR Inhibitors for Oral Cancer Pain and Opioid Tolerance

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