Oral Manifestations in Patients with Psoriasis: A Cross-Sectional Study

Abstract

Background: The exact prevalence and distinct clinical and histological criteria of psoriatic lesions in the oral cavity remain unknown. Although some non-specific lesions are more frequent in psoriatic patients in comparison with healthy people, the incidence and clinical variation of psoriasis are heterogeneous in the literature. Objectives: This study aimed to evaluate the incidence of oral lesions in Iranian patients with psoriasis. Methods: Patients with plaque-type psoriasis were participated in a cross-sectional study. Physicians performed full-body skin examination and assessed extra-cutaneous involvement including oral cavity, nails and articular system. Results: One hundred patients with psoriasis (41 males and 59 females) with the mean age of 43.79 ± 12.52 years were participated in the study. Mucosal changes clinically suggestive of oral psoriasis were detected in none of the cases. We observed nonspecific oral lesions in 48% of the patients including fissured tongue (35%), angular cheilitis (13%), actinic cheilitis (11%), geographic tongue (6%), fibroma (3%) and denture stomatitis (2%). The statistical analyses showed that presentation of oral lesions increases with concomitant cardiovascular disorders or diabetes mellitus, but no relationship between oral lesions and other demographic and clinical data was noted. Conclusions: Although the incidence of true oral psoriasis is rare, non-specific oral lesions may be frequently found in patients with psoriasis. Since both true psoriatic oral lesions and non-specific changes are mostly asymptomatic, routine examination of the oral cavity is necessary in all patients with the diagnosis of psoriasis.

Prevalence of Oral Lesions in Patients with Psoriasis

“…According to the current study GT is the second most common finding but less frequent than FT in a rate of 4.2%, compatible with other studies, Talee et al, Singh et al, and Ehsani et al were reported 4.5%, 5.6%, and 6% respectively in three different studies [15,21,25]. On the contrary, other studies observed a higher rate of this finding ranging from 12-18% [8,10,13,20,30].…”

“…The current study could not find any true white, yellow, or grey lesions of psoriasis, however none specific oral lesions were present in 41.7% of the cases, which was similar to the results of Darwazeh et al, and Daneshpazhooh et al, but lower than those reported by Ehsani et al, and Costa et al [8,10,20,21]. The most significant oral findings in this study were fissured tongue and geographic tongue.…”

“…In the present study, the most common oral finding of psoriatic patients was fissured tongue, accounting approximately for onethird of the study group (32.5%), consistent with recent studies published. Talaee et al and Ehsani et al found fissured tongue in 28.2% and 35% of psoriatic patients in two different cross-sectional studies [21,25]. On the other hand, a number of recent casecontrolled studies showed various reports of fissured tongue between 9.8-47.5% in psoriatic patients compared to 9.5-20% of controlled groups [9,10,13,20,26].…”

Oral manifestations in patients diagnosed with psoriasis: A systematic review

“…Ehsani et al. (2018) 21 screened 100 psoriasis patients for specific oral manifestations. Costa et al.…”

“…Ehsani et al. (2018) 21 followed up psoriatic patients with oral manifestations and reported that 48% of the individuals involved had nonspecific oral lesions, including fissured tongue, angular cheilitis, actinic cheilitis, geographic tongue, fibroma, and prosthetic stomatitis. Picciani et al.…”