Background: Chemotherapy is used to treat approximately 70% of cancer patients. Oral complications secondary to chemotherapy are recorded in about 80% of hemato–oncologic patients, these complications affect the patients’ quality of life and could sometimes be fatal. Objective: To describe the oral manifestations secondary to chemotherapy medication in hemato-oncologic patients and to determine which of those oral manifestations is more common. Patients and Methods: A sample of 190 patients presented to Nanakali Hospital for blood- related diseases and cancer in Erbil. The age range of the patients was 3-80 years, (mean 38.35 ± 22.62). Various types of malignancies, types of chemotherapy, and oral manifestation secondary to chemotherapy were recorded. Results: The most common type of cancer presented was leukemia (37.9%). In patients undergoing chemotherapy, the recorded oral manifestation was mucositis, xerostomia, fungal and viral infection. Mucositis was the most common, being recorded in 46.3% of the subjects. Conclusion: The results highlight the importance of the presence of a specialist in Oral and Maxillofacial Medicine working in coordination with the medical team to take care of the patients before, during and after chemotherapy. This multidisciplinary team can decrease the frequency of occurrence of oral manifestations, and can even assist in early diagnosis and management of oral lesions in case oral manifestation occurs. Keywords: Oral manifestation, chemotherapy, hematology-oncology patient, mucositis, fungal infection, xerostomia, viral infection

Prevalence studies on oral conditions affecting children are rare worldwide, and none of them was conducted in in Erbil/Kurdistan region/Iraq. The aims in the this study were to determine the prevalence and distribution of oral conditions which include both lesions and normal variations in group of patients referred to a main, public specialized poly clinics dental center. A prospective cross-sectional study was performed, the including data collected were age, gender, and site of a condition. The examination of the patients was performed under standardized conditions; using artificial light, disposable gloves, retractors, and mirror with sterile gauze to hold tip of the tongue. Statistical analysis was performed using Statistical Package for the Social Sciences (SPSS) version 22; Fisher’s exact test; and Chi-square test. A sample of 520 children, aged range (0–13) years included in this study, 265 (51.0%) were males and 255 (49.0%) were females, divided into three age groups; 100 (19.2%) were <5 years, 274 (52.7%) were 5–9 years, and 146 (28.1%) were 10–13 years. The prevalence of oral conditions was significantly higher in 5–9 years (52.7%). The most commonly clinically diagnosed oral conditions were fissure tongue (13.1%), followed by gingivitis (9.0%) and dentoalveolar sinus (8.3%). As a first study in this age group in Erbil/Kurdistan region/Iraq, oral conditions are relatively common in the sample examined; dentist and dental practitioner should be aware for their recognition and referral for management.

Oral mucositis is a complication of systemic anticancer therapies. This study aimed at investigating the use of ice cubes and sodium bicarbonate mouthwash as a preventive and a treatment measure for oral mucositis in patients receiving systemic anticancer therapies. The two measures were given to 50 patients, 24 of whom already had oral mucositis at Oncology Department in Rizgary Teaching Hospital in Erbil/ Iraq. Patients’ grades for oral mucositis were recorded before and after receiving the two measures. After treatment of the 24 patients with Oral Mucositis, the number decreased to 9 patients. The grades of patients’ oral mucositis also decreased to lower grades The two measures were effective but sodium bicarbonate mouthwash was more significant effective as a treatment and preventive measure for oral mucositis (p=0.044) than ice cubes (p=0.022).

Background: Denture induced stomatitis often  referred to as denture sore mouth and prosthetic stomatitis, denotes inflammation of the  oral  mucosa, particularly  the  palatal mucosa  that  are in close contact with  the  denture  base. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of denture induced stomatitis in complete denture wearers attending Khanzad Teaching Dental Center. Patients and Methods: This study included  one hundred consecutive upper denture wearers  from prosthetic department in Khanzad Teaching Dental Center , the age range  of the patients was 39-85 years  .Different factors such as age, gender, denture age ,wearing time and hematinic parameters investigated and recorded .The diagnosis of denture stomatitis was done by clinical examination .The data entered and analyzes by (SPSS software version 25). Results: The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 20%. Non significant relashionship in the prevalence of denture stomatitis with age, gender, denture age, wearing time , type of denture and heamtinic deficiency. Conclusion: Because denture stomatitis is the most prevalent inflammatory reaction that affects denture wearers and is typically asymptomatic, it is better to schedule a routine dental check for them to allow early detection of any abnormalities to treat it and the choice of treatment depends on the cause of change. in many denture wearers the removal of traumatic as well as maintaining good oral hygiene and hygiene of dentures produce positive outcomes.

Background: Denture induced stomatitis often referred to as denture sore mouth and prosthetic stomatitis, denotes inflammation of the oral mucosa, particularly the palatal mucosa that are in close contact with the denture base. Objective: To evaluate the prevalence and risk factors of denture induced stomatitis in complete denture wearers attending Khanzad Teaching Dental Center. Patients and Methods: This study included one hundred consecutive upper denture wearers from prosthetic department in Khanzad Teaching Dental Center , the age range of the patients was 39-85 years .Different factors such as age, gender, denture age ,wearing time and hematinic parameters investigated and recorded .The diagnosis of denture stomatitis was done by clinical examination .The data entered and analyzes by (SPSS software version 25). Results: The prevalence of denture stomatitis was 20%. Non significant relashionship in the prevalence of denture stomatitis with age, gender, denture age, wearing time , type of denture and heamtinic deficiency. Conclusion: Because denture stomatitis is the most prevalent inflammatory reaction that affects denture wearers and is typically asymptomatic, it is better to schedule a routine dental check for them to allow early detection of any abnormalities to treat it and the choice of treatment depends on the cause of change. in many denture wearers the removal of traumatic as well as maintaining good oral hygiene and hygiene of dentures produce positive outcomes.

Background: The tongue can be targeted by a wide range of pathological conditions; the recognition of tongue lesions may be helpful in the early diagnosis of some systemic disorders. Objective: To determine the frequency and relation of the tongue conditions with risk factors among a group of dental outpatients attending a specialized dental polyclinics center in Erbil city, for individuals who are aware of their tongue lesion when to exist, and to estimate the possible coincidence between some of the tongue lesions with age, gender, smoking, alcohol drinking habit, allergic reactions, and systemic diseases. Patients and Methods: 1100 patients were examined for a period of 3 months from October 1st , 2019 – December 31st , 2019. Results: The frequency of tongue conditions was 52.8%, the study sample consists of 520 males 47.3%, and 580 females 52.7%. The age range was from 0.58 to 85 years, and 112 patients had one or more systemic diseases 92 of them were on regular medications. The most common frequent condition was fissured tongue diagnosed in 420 patients 38.2%. Conclusion: The common risk factors for tongue conditions in this study were old age, male gender, smoking, alcohol consumption, and medication intake, around one quarter (25.6%) of the sample has a family history of tongue condition. Keywords: Tongue conditions, fissured tongue, clinical study, coated tongue

Background: Psoriasis is a common chronic inflammatory condition that affects mainly skin and joints which has a genetic and immunological background with unknown etiology. Objective: To determine the prevalence of oral findings and possible association with disease severity in psoriatic patients attending the Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Patients and Methods: This cross-sectional study was conducted on 120 cases of psoriasis attending Erbil Dermatology Teaching Center in Erbil city, Kurdistan Region-Iraq. Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) scored was used for each patient and all participants were examined for observing oral lesions. The Statistical Package for Social Sciences (SPSS, version25) was used for analyzing the data. Chi-square test and Fisher’s exact tests were applied as descriptive statistics tests. A p-value of ≤ 0.05 was considered statistically significant. Results: Among the 120 cases, 50 cases were males and 70 were females, their mean age ± SD was 30.24 ± 14.82 years, and the age range was 6-65 years. Oral lesions were detected in 50 (41.7%) cases, and the most common oral findings were fissured tongue 39 (32.5%) cases and geographic tongue 5 (4.2%). The Psoriasis Area and Severity Index (PASI) score for the majority of the cases were mild and the oral manifestations were strongly associated with the disease severity (p = 0.001). Conclusion: Both fissured tongue and geographic tongue are the two most frequent oral findings in psoriatic patients in this study, the prevalence of these findings increased with the disease severity. Routine examinations of the oral cavity are necessary for all psoriatic patients. Keywords: Psoriasis, oral manifestations, oral lesions, PASI score

Background and objective:This study aimed to determine the prevalence, size, shape and location of tori in partially and completely edentulous patients attending the College of Dentistry/ Hawler Medical University from 2009-2011. Methods: In a retrospective study four hundred and fifty patients case file from Erbil city were examined for the presence of oral tori in prosthodontic department, College of Dentistry, Hawler Medical University. The size, shape and location of tori were recorded and related with the age and sex of patients. Results: The overall prevalence of tori was 14.2% (64 cases). The prevalence of torus palatinus was 60.9% (39/64), while that of torus mandibularis was significantly lesser 23.5 % (15/64).Both types of tori were associated with each other in 15.62% of cases (10/64). Conclusion:There was no statistically significant difference in the prevalence of tori between males and females. There was a significant relationship between the presence of mandibular and palatal tori.