Oral Eosinophilic Granulomas in Tigers (Panthera Tigris)—a Collection of 16 Cases

Abstract

Oral eosinophilic granulomas were diagnosed in 16 tigers (Panthera tigris). All lesions were located on the hard or soft palate and typically consisted of flat or slightly raised circular ulcers. Histologic features of these lesions were essentially identical to those seen in oral eosinophilic granulomas of domestic cats and dogs. No clinical signs were noted in eight cases, though various degrees of inappetence, excessive salivation, and dysphagia were noted in the other eight tigers. Six cases were not treated. Treatment for the remaining 10 cases centered on corticosteroids and additional treatments included surgical removal, cryotherapy, antibiotics, and chlorpheniramine. Treatment with corticosteroids did appear to be effective in some cases, though lesions would worsen after cessation of therapy and no cases were cured. In addition, three cases developed complications possibly related to this corticosteroid therapy. The etiology of these lesions remains unknown, though an underlying allergic condition is likely.

Canine Oral Eosinophilic Granuloma Treated with Electrochemotherapy

“…This disease occurs in dogs as a collagen tissue degeneration [1,[3][4][5]. In humans, some reports have proposed several mechanisms of pathogenesis as vasculitis, microangiopathies, fibromatosis, phagocytic dysfunction, and cell mediated immune-response dysfunction [6].…”

“…A treatment with antibiotic and corticosteroid therapy has been reported with a partial response and occurrence of side effects such as gastritis, enteritis, and chronic renal failure due to prolonged use of high doses of corticosteroids in older patients [3]. The surgical excision followed by immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or azathioprine might achieve best local results, but in patients with large masses aggressive procedure is necessary.…”

“…The surgical excision followed by immunosuppressive therapy with corticosteroids or azathioprine might achieve best local results, but in patients with large masses aggressive procedure is necessary. Also, a 2 Case Reports in Veterinary Medicine high rate of recurrence was observed after a short treatment period [2,3,7].…”

Canine eosinophilic granuloma of the digits treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil

“…The typical clinical presentation includes papules, nodules and/or plaques most frequently located in the oral cavity and infrequently involving other cutaneous sites such as the nasal planum, ventral abdomen, thorax, metatarsus, prepuce, flank, digit, eyelid, external ear canal and cheek region . The proposed aetiopathogenesis of CEG is a hypersensitivity reaction to insect bites, environmental or food allergens . Infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites or fungal organisms have also been implicated and a marked breed predilection for Siberian husky dogs and cavalier King Charles spaniels suggests genetic involvement .…”

“…The proposed aetiopathogenesis of CEG is a hypersensitivity reaction to insect bites, environmental or food allergens . Infectious agents such as bacteria, parasites or fungal organisms have also been implicated and a marked breed predilection for Siberian husky dogs and cavalier King Charles spaniels suggests genetic involvement . The purpose of this case report is to describe management of two cases of CEG using oral glucocorticoids and chlorambucil, and in one case carbon dioxide laser to surgically debulk the lesions.…”