Canine Oral Eosinophilic Granuloma Treated with Electrochemotherapy

Abstract

A case of a canine oral eosinophilic granuloma in a 14-year-old female crossbred is described. The dog was presented with a history of ptyalism, halitosis, local pain, decreased appetite, and blood staining noted on food and water bowls. Clinical, hematologic, and biochemical examinations, abdominal ultrasonography, and 3-view chest radiographs were performed, and no metastases were found. Histopathologic examination of two 6 mm punch biopsies from the oral lesion revealed the presence of eosinophilic granulomatous lesions in the submucosa. After treatment with corticosteroids and wide spectrum antibiotics no significant changes in clinical signs and lesion size were observed. Electrochemotherapy (ECT), a novel tumor treatment routinely used for cutaneous and subcutaneous tumors in human patients in the European Union since 2006, was used to treat the eosinophilic granuloma. The procedure was performed under general anesthesia, followed by intravenous administration of bleomycin. Six weeks after treatment a complete response with disappearance of the mass and improvement of clinical signs were observed.

Oral Mucosa Model for Electrochemotherapy Treatment of Dog Mouth Cancer: Ex Vivo, In Silico, and In Vivo Experiments

“…The relative permeabilized tissue conductivity (r MAX /r 0 ) was 3.5. This value is compatible with muscle (2.5-5 (11)(12)(13)(14)), connective tissues (3 (30)), and dermis (4 (16)) electroporation experiments. The threshold electric field values (E rev 5 20 kV/m and E irrev 5 80 kV/m) are similar to muscle electroporation models (12,13).…”

“…The intensity of applied electric field will be higher than necessary, and this EQT may produce tissue damage. The electroporation models present tissue electric conductivity dependent on local electric field (11)(12)(13)(14)18).…”

Canine eosinophilic granuloma of the digits treated with prednisolone and chlorambucil

“…The majority of reported cases have used corticosteroid monotherapy to achieve successful control. With large CEG lesions, surgical debulking has been performed . Glucocorticoids may be combined with oral azathioprine for refractory cases .…”

“…Glucocorticoids may be combined with oral azathioprine for refractory cases . Reported treatments for CEG may also include chlorpheniramine and electrochemotherapy with bleomycin . To the best of the authors' knowledge, chlorambucil or laser ablation for dogs with EG has not been reported previously.…”

Electroporation as the Immunotherapy Strategy for Cancer in Veterinary Medicine: State of the Art in Latin America

“…In Latin America, several research projects on electroporation-based treatments started in the last decade, both to elucidate their fundamental aspects and to extend their applications. In particular, the group of Dr. Marshall made several publications on this topic [ 10 , 70 , 97 , 102 , 103 , 104 , 105 , 106 , 107 , 108 ]. The use of ECT in veterinary medicine began in 2008 in Brazil by the group of Dr. Rangel [ 109 , 110 , 111 , 112 , 113 , 114 ], closely followed by the group of Dr. Marshall, from Argentina, in 2009.…”