Oral Efficacy of an Attenuated Rabies Virus Vaccine in Skunks and Raccoons

Hanlon, Cathleen A.; Niezgoda, Michael; Morrill, Patricia; Rupprecht, Charles E.

doi:10.7589/0090-3558-38.2.420

Cited by 46 publications

(28 citation statements)

References 23 publications

Supporting

Mentioning

Contrasting

Order By: Relevance

“…Human exposure to VRG has been associated with intensive skin inflammation and systemic vaccinia infection (9,44). A low virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) response has been reported after oral immunization with live attenuated SAG-2 (28). Therefore, more efficacious and affordable RABV vaccines are needed, particularly in developing nations.…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Virus Expressing Dendritic Cell-Activating Molecules Enhances the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Vaccination

Wen

Wang

et al. 2011

J Virol

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Rabies Virus Expressing Dendritic Cell-Activating Molecules Enhances the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Vaccination

Wen

Wang

et al. 2011

J Virol

145

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

“…A live attenuated RABV vaccine (SAG-2) and a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RABV glycoprotein (VRG) have been licensed particularly for use in the oral immunization of wild animals (10,29). These vaccines are effective; however, VRG may cause intense skin inflammation and systemic vaccinia infection (3,25), and SAG-2 induces a low level of virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) responses in wild animals (11).…”

mentioning

confidence: 99%

Expression of MIP-1α (CCL3) by a Recombinant Rabies Virus Enhances Its Immunogenicity by Inducing Innate Immunity and Recruiting Dendritic Cells and B Cells

Zhao¹,

Toriumi²,

Wang

et al. 2010

J Virol

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

). In the present study, the immunogenicity of recombinant RABV expressing MIP-1␣ (rHEP-MIP1␣) was determined. It was found that intramuscular immunization of BALB/c mice with rHEP-MIP1␣ resulted in a higher level of expression of MIP-1␣ at the site of inoculation, increased recruitment of dendritic cells (DCs) and mature B cells into the draining lymph nodes and the peripheral blood, and higher virus-neutralizing antibody titers than immunization with the parent rHEP and recombinant RABVs expressing RANTES (CCL5) or IP-10 (CXCL10). Our data thus demonstrate that expression of MIP-1␣ not only reduces viral pathogenicity but also enhances immunogenicity by recruiting DCs and B cells to the site of immunization, the lymph nodes, and the blood.Rabies continues to present public health problems worldwide and causes more than 55,000 human deaths each year, most of which occur in the developing nations of Asia and Africa, where dog rabies remains the main source of human exposure (8, 31). Current rabies vaccines are made with inactivated rabies virus (RABV) grown in cultured cells. Although these vaccines are safe and efficacious, multiple doses (at least 4) must be administered over an extended period of time (14 days) to stimulate optimal immune responses (24). Furthermore, the high cost of cell culture-based vaccines makes it difficult to utilize them effectively in developing countries where they are needed most (28). A live attenuated RABV vaccine (SAG-2) and a recombinant vaccinia virus expressing RABV glycoprotein (VRG) have been licensed particularly for use in the oral immunization of wild animals (10, 29). These vaccines are effective; however, VRG may cause intense skin inflammation and systemic vaccinia infection (3, 25), and SAG-2 induces a low level of virus-neutralizing antibody (VNA) responses in wild animals (11).Recent studies demonstrated that the activation of innate immune responses is one of the mechanisms by which RABV is attenuated (16, 30). Induced innate-response genes include inflammatory chemokines and cytokines, interferons (IFNs) and IFN-related genes, and Toll-like receptors (14,(22)(23). Furthermore, it was found that overexpression of the chemokine MIP-1␣ (CCL3) in mouse brain further decreased RABV pathogenicity, while overexpression of RANTES (CCL5) or IP-10 (CXCL10) increased RABV pathogenicity (35). In this study, the immunogenicity of the recombinant high egg passage (rHEP) Flury strain of RABV that contains the MIP-1␣ gene (rHEP-MIP1␣) was investigated.To ensure that the decreased pathogenicity of rHEP-MIP1␣, as shown previously (35), is due to the overexpression of MIP-1␣, another rHEP virus was constructed with a MIP-1␣ gene cloned into the rHEP genome that does not express MIP-1␣ protein because two stop codons were introduced near the N terminus of the MIP-1␣ gene, one stop codon (TAG) replacing TCA (residues 68 to 70) and the other replacing the codon ATG (residues 78 to 80). The recombinant RABV was rescued, using the procedures described by Inoue et al. (13), and was de...

show abstract

“…Different trials demonstrated the protective effect of SAG2 vaccine bait in controlled laboratory conditions in different wildlife species and in dogs. These studies suggest that SAG2 induce humoral [15,16,17,31,32,33,34] and cell mediated immunity [31]. …”

Section: Discussionmentioning

confidence: 99%

First trials of oral vaccination with rabies SAG2 dog baits in Morocco

Darkaoui

Boué

Demerson

et al. 2014

Clin Exp Vaccine Res

View full text Add to dashboard Cite

PurposeCanine rabies is a serious health problem in Morocco and about 22 human deaths are reported yearly. Following the World Health Organization (WHO) recommendations, Moroccan authorities evaluated oral rabies vaccine baits specially designed for dogs.Materials and MethodsThe study was performed in Tiflet area. The vaccine strain was SAG2, a modified live oral rabies vaccine strain. Each bait contained an aluminium/PVC capsule filled with a liquid. Two kinds of baits were used: placebo baits containing methylene blue as a topical marker and vaccine baits containing vaccine suspension. The study was performed according to recommended WHO strategies, i.e., door to door model (DDDM), hand-out and wildlife immunization model (WIM). The DDDM was performed in the rural area of Tiflet on 60 owned dogs. The hand-out strategy was tested on 15 stray dogs. The WIM was performed on 4 transects lines near Tiflet slaughterhouse and near the weekly traditional market location.ResultsUsing the DDDM, 100% of owned dogs were attracted by the baits and 77% ate the bait. Using the hand-out model, 100% of dogs showed interest in baits and 46.7% took the baits. Using the WIM in stray dogs, up to 73% of baits disappeared and 68% of the capsules containing the SAG2 vaccine were found pierced, depending on the sites of distribution.ConclusionThis pilot study showed that baits have a good palatability and that oral vaccination of both owned and stray dogs is feasible with baits specifically developed for dogs and with adapted strategy of distribution.

show abstract

Oral Efficacy of an Attenuated Rabies Virus Vaccine in Skunks and Raccoons

Cited by 46 publications

References 23 publications

Rabies Virus Expressing Dendritic Cell-Activating Molecules Enhances the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Vaccination

Rabies Virus Expressing Dendritic Cell-Activating Molecules Enhances the Innate and Adaptive Immune Response to Vaccination

Expression of MIP-1α (CCL3) by a Recombinant Rabies Virus Enhances Its Immunogenicity by Inducing Innate Immunity and Recruiting Dendritic Cells and B Cells

First trials of oral vaccination with rabies SAG2 dog baits in Morocco

Contact Info

Product

Resources

About